tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17501511443866016612024-03-13T20:56:01.148-07:00Why do we write research papersPhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.comBlogger149125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-39195933845159057432020-08-25T07:47:00.001-07:002020-08-25T07:47:07.781-07:00Japanese Counters Used for Counting ObjectsJapanese Counters Used for Counting Objects Lets figure out how to include in Japanese. Each language has an alternate method of checking objects; the Japanese use counters. They are like English articulations, for example, a cup of ~, a sheet of ~, etc. There are an assortment of counters, regularly dependent on the state of the item. Counters are appended legitimately to a number (for example ni-hai, san-mai). Following the following couple of passages, we have included counters for the accompanying classes: objects, span, creatures, recurrence, request, individuals and others. Things which are not plainly sorted or indistinct are checked by utilizing local Japanese numbers (hitotsu, futatsu, mittsu and so forth.). When utilizing a counter, focus on the word request. It is not the same as English request. A normal request is thing molecule amount action words. Here are models. Hon o ni-satsu kaimashita.æÅ" ¬Ã£â'ä ºÅ"Ã¥â šè ² ·Ã£ â㠾ã â"ã Ÿãâ¬âI purchased two books.Koohii o ni-hai kudasai.ã⠳ãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ''ãÆ' ¼Ã£â'ä ºÅ'æ ¯Ã£ ã ã â¢Ã£ âãâ¬âPlease give me two cups of coffee.Another thing weâ want to specify is that when the Japanese gathering objects they partition them into gatherings of five and ten, in contrast to the run of the mill groupings of six and twelve in the West. For instance, sets of Japanese dishes or bowls are sold in units of five. Generally, there was no word for twelve, however it has been utilized on account of Western influence.ObjectsWhen consolidating a number with a counter, the way to express the number or the counter may change.hon æÅ" ¬ - Long, round and hollow items: trees, pens, etc.mai æžš - Flat, slender articles: paper, stamps, dishes, etc.ko Ã¥â¬â¹ - Broad classification of little and smaller objectshai æ ¯ - Liquid in cups, glasses, bowls, etc.satsu Ã¥â Å¡ - Bound ar ticles: books, magazines, etc.dai Ã¥ ° - Vehicles, machines etc.kai éšž - The floor of a buildingken ä » ¶ - Houses, buildingssoku è ¶ ³ - Pairs of footwear: sock, shoes, etc.tsuu éâ¬Å¡ - LettersDurationjikan æâ¢âéâ" - Hour, as in ni-jikan (two hours)fun Ã¥Ëâ - Minute, as in go-fun (five minutes)byou ç §' - Second, as in sanjuu-byoo (thirty seconds)shuukan é⬠±Ã©â" - Week, as in san-shuukan (three weeks)kagetsu ã â¹Ã¦Å"Ë - Month, as in ni-kagetsu (two months)nenkan Ã¥ ¹'éâ" - Year, as in juu-nenkan (ten years)Animalshiki Ã¥Å" ¹ - Insects, fish, little creatures: felines, hounds, etc.tou é - Large creatures: ponies, bears, etc.wa ç ¾ ½ - BirdsFrequencykai Ã¥âºÅ¾ - Times, as in ni-kai (twice)do Ã¥ º ¦ - Times, as in ichi-do (once)Orderban ç⢠ª - Ordinal numbers, as in ichi-boycott (in front of the rest of the competition, number one)tou ç â° - Class, level, as in san-as well (third place)Peoplenin ä º º - Hitori (one individual) and futari (tw o individuals) are exceptions.mei Ã¥ - More formal than nin.Otherssai æ ³/æⰠ- Age, as in go-sai (five years old)Ippon demo Ninjin is a great kids tune for finding out about counters. Focus on the various counters utilized for every thing. Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-78341371691744456972020-08-22T03:46:00.001-07:002020-08-22T03:46:20.909-07:00Illegal Software Use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsIllicit Software Use - Essay Example The 2011à BSA Global Software Piracy Study uncovers that the ââ¬Å"Business leaders who concede they every now and again privateer programming are more than twice as likely as other PC clients to state they purchase programming for one PC yet then introduce it on extra machines in their offices,â⬠. The most recent investigation uncovers that various security penetrates stop by known programmers. On this various reports including patches and programming refreshes are introduced. In addition, an addressed is requested the nearness of connection between unlicensed programming and the tirelessness of programming is kept up or not? In such manner the CEO Robert Holleyman, president BSA says, ââ¬Å"It can be a security issue.â⬠Furthermore, he expresses that there is a significant social issue that leads towards utilizing pilfered programming and other security breaks. Be that as it may, in any association the security pass can likewise occur because of blunder of its product and authorizing. The unlicensed and not appropriately recorded programming are progressively inclined to offered inadequate help to the association. As per the Holleyman, the BSA report is established over the IDC advertise information. The term ââ¬Å"gold standardâ⬠is expressed by the Hollyman that underpins the deals of PC and programming in overall markets (GNC Articles. 2012). This data is gathered and distributed by Ipsos Public Affairs. The review is held between 14,700 people that have a place with 33 nations in this manner speaking to around 80 percent of the overall programming market (GNC Articles. 2012). The overview results thought of some astounding realities. Around forty two percent of people had introduced he pilfered adaptation of programming that cost around $63.4 billion (GNC Articles. 2012). Be that as it may, this expense can't be guaranteed as the total deficit because of the obscure financial plan of legitimate or illicit introduced programming as refer enced by BSA in the product business. In the United States, the pace of pilfered programming is around nineteen rates since it is considered as the most well behaved nation rate insightful. Truth be told, for the large illicit programming partakes in the U.S. advertise the assessed total assets is roughly around $9.8 billion worth. In the runner up is China (GNC Articles. 2012). It is said that the nation privateers an approximated 77 percent of its product. What's more, this product is of worth about $8.9 billion that stands China in the second spot of unlawful programming after United States. The PC clients in China pay out on normal only $8.89 for the legitimate programming and in the United States this figure is around $127 for each PC. As indicated by the BSA these cost figures for the product associations are speaking to hazard to U.S. financial prosperity. This is because of the baseless forceful bit of leeway that is given to the businesses hence promising them to utilize th e pilfered programming. In like manner, even at the pace of 19 percent programming theft in the United States represents a significant danger to the Information and Communication Technology in the United States (GNC Articles. 2012). Right off the bat, applications or programming originating from a non-real source can be contaminated with infections, vindictive codes, Trojan pony, root units and so forth this forces an immediate danger or dangers. For example, if an activity framework has been obtained from a non-certifiable source, infections can be introduced with the working framework. In like manner, one can't believe programming gave by the merchant and it ought to be tried before actualizing in a live or operational condition of a bank or money related establishment. These fixes can be later on fixed by security refreshes. In the event of pilfered programming, update choices are killed because of the dread of Operating framework approval instruments from the producers. Once Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-21454848948662235102020-07-31T09:01:00.001-07:002020-07-31T09:01:03.085-07:00Book Recommendations for Fans of Dream DaddyBook Recommendations for Fans of Dream Daddy A few short weeks ago, Dream Daddy: A Dad Dating Simulator arrived on the scene and life has not been the same since. From fan art to fan fiction, these seven men (and their adorable kids) have stolen the collective heart of the entire internet. The dating sims combination of diverse characters (including a trans dad and a trans avatar for players), instantly meme-able art and dialogue, and overall charming style has everyone swooning. Dream Daddys premise is straightforward: your avatar, a lonely single dad, moves to a new town where every man he meets is also a single dad, open for romancing and thats where the fun begins! Here are some books to help you best connect with the dad of your dreams: Mat Cool Dad Sella Who is he? Avid music enthusiast, passionate coffee drinker. You can find him most days selling bean juice over at the Coffee Spoon or hanging out at the park with his amazing daughter. What to read: His passion for music and his rebellious teen daughter make a book like Rani Patel in Full Effect by Sonia Patel a perfect choice to bond with this dad. Joseph Cool Youth Minister Dad Christiansen Who is he? If hes not in church, you can catch this youth minister out on the open water, setting sail on the seas of adventure! He loves playing guitar and crushing his four kids at Candy Land. What to read: If youre looking to better understand the faith of this still-married dad, perhaps try a thoughtful essay collection like Movies Are Prayers: How Films Voice Our Deepest Longings by Josh Larsen. Craig Fitness Dad Cahn Who is he? Dad of three, business entrepreneur, fitness enthusiast, and your avatars former college roommate. What to read: Prep to spend more time with this dad by reading the Hanya Yanagiharaâs A Little Life, a book that explores multi-decade relationships like yours with Craig. Hugo Teacher Dad Vega Who is he? Middle school and High school teacher, writer of scholarly articles on 18th century literature. Major bookworm. What to read: Really get into the mindset of how books can affect your life with Ann Hoods memoir Morningstar: Growing Up With Books. Bonus: its brand-new, so maybe Hugo hasnt read it yet and you can recommend it to him! Brian Rival Dad Harding Who is he? Your in-game rival is super proud of his prodigy daughter. His hobbies include fishing, grilling, and construction. What to read: Pick up some survival skills in Gabriel Tallents novel My Absolute Darling, which happens to have a young girl as its protagonist a possible way to bond with Brian over his beloved daughter. Damien Goth Dad Bloodmarch Who is he? This dad loves long strolls through graveyards, true crime podcasts, taxidermy, Victorian fashion, and spending time with his son. What to read: Lean into this dads love of true crime and history with City of Light, City of Poison: Magic, Murder, and the First Police Chief of Paris by Holly Tucker. Robert Bad Dad Small Who is he? The games only dad to be estranged from his daughter, Robert can be most often found brooding into a glass of whisky. What to read: There is no shortage of hard-drinking, damaged antiheroes in crime fiction, but wed suggest Attica Lockes Black Water Rising for the way its antihero confronts his inner demons. Save Save Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-74223885739314435962020-05-22T20:23:00.001-07:002020-05-22T20:23:02.807-07:00Essay about Gender Stereotypes Among Childrens Toys Gender Stereotypes Among Childrens Toys When you walk into the toy section of any store, you do not need a sign to indicate which section is the girlsââ¬â¢ side and which section is the boysââ¬â¢ side. Aside from all the pink, purple, and other pastel colors that fill the shelves on the girlsââ¬â¢ side, the glitter sticks out a lot as well. The boysââ¬â¢ toys however are mostly dark colors ââ¬â blue, black, red, gray, or dark green. The colors typically used on either side are very stereotypical in themselves. I noticed the girlsââ¬â¢ toys engaged fine motor skills more than the boysââ¬â¢ toys did. The girls have several different types and sizes of dolls to choose from ââ¬â however, this also makes dolls or items used with dolls (Barbie clothes,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The boysââ¬â¢ toys mostly all used gross motor skills. Like the dolls in the girlsââ¬â¢ section, the boys have equally as many types of cars or other vehicles to choose from. The boysââ¬â¢ side consisted of mainly three categories all together ââ¬â 1) action figures, 2) ââ¬Å"roleâ⬠toys (guns ââ¬â ââ¬Å"Cops and Robbersâ⬠or ââ¬Å"Cowboys and Indiansâ⬠; ax, helmet, and badge ââ¬â fireman; and miniature tools for pretending to be a construction worker) 3) cars. I discovered there werenââ¬â¢t really any toys in the boysââ¬â¢ section that didnââ¬â¢t fit in one of these three categories. All the boys toys were very stereotypical. The extreme concentration of cars in the boysââ¬â¢ toys shows the stereotypical attitude that all boys like cars. The toys that werenââ¬â¢t car related all promoted either an aggressive behavior or ââ¬Å"manlyâ⬠job. Like the girlsââ¬â¢ section, very few toys didnââ¬â¢t promote a stereotypical idea. Few toys were aimed equally at both genders. Even board games, while intended for both sexes, usually seemed aimed more towards one gender or another. Both sections had a lot of gender- stereotypical toys. General ideas on girlsââ¬â¢ and boysââ¬â¢ behaviors and interests were very prevalent in the toys intended for each gender. After really looking at the toys in both sections it is easy to understand why stereotypical ideas about both genders are so strong since these ideas are introduced at such a youngShow MoreRelatedToys And What They Signify994 Words à |à 4 PagesToys and what they signify, which is the free expression of play among children, should be as open and diverse as possible.â⬠(Dubois 2015) Specifically looking at girl stereotypes, toys targeted towards them are packaged in pink, purple and other bright colors of the rainbow. The most popular toys in this demographic are brands like Bratz, Barbie, or Disney Princesses. These dolls can push boundaries on how suggestive their marketing can get. Bratz dolls are usually dressed in skimpy clothing andRead MoreEssay on Gender Stereotype: Gender in The Toy Store1417 Words à |à 6 Pagesyourself entering a toy department and noticing numerous diverse aisles. In one aisle, you encounter toys packaged in complementary and color triads colors that include building sets (such as ââ¬Å"LEGOâ⬠, ââ¬Å"LEGO Super Heroesâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"Angry Birdsâ⬠) and a wide selection of action figuresââ¬âSpider Man, Transformers, The Dark Knight, Power Rangers, etc. In the next aisle, adjacent to the aisle with complementary and color triads colors, you find toys packaged in shades of pink and purple. These toys range from â â¬Å"HelloRead MoreThe Problem Among Kids Toys827 Words à |à 4 Pages The Problem Among Kids Toys Having grown up with two brothers I was always around toys such as action figures and toy guns. I did not have a sister to play with, so I usually played with my brothers. When I played with them, I started to question why all of their toys were just for boys. Why was there not any women action figures or ones with feminine colors? Gender-stereotyped toys are prohibiting children from a range of skills. Kids preferences are cultured. This means they learn which colorsRead MoreToys as Role Models1114 Words à |à 5 PagesToys as Role Models Judy Attfield, who holds a PhD in history and design, has written numerous articles in relation to design history. Her articles, often written in a formal and informative style, concentrate on parenting and family issues. Citing the differences in the maneuverability designs of Barbie and Action Man, which embody the stereotypical clichà © of feminine passivity and masculine activity respectively, ââ¬Å"Barbie and Action Man: Adult toys for girls and boys, 1959-93â⬠(P. Kirkham (EdRead MoreShould There Be Gender Specific Toy Aisles Lining The Rows?992 Words à |à 4 PagesShould there be gender specific toy aisles lining the rows in stores? How much does this reassure the sociological idea of gender itself? Does putting restrictions on kidsââ¬â¢ toy decisions effect them in a negative way? Research has shown that it is natural for kids to want to experiment with different toys and identities. Pushing kids into a box of what they can, or cannot play limits their true poten tial and imagination. Growing up, people can attest to the memory of them having gone to McDonaldââ¬â¢sRead MoreGender Stereotyping : The Development Of Gender Stereotypes1565 Words à |à 7 PagesVery few people understand the development of gender stereotyping and how it impacts the younger generation. Gender stereotypes are social expectations of how female and males should act. They are cultural interpretation about how females should be characterized as feminine and like pink, and how boys are stereotyped to be masculine and like the color blue. However, these stereotypes are not natural because they are socially constructed. Social construction is an idea or practice that a group ofRead MoreGender Socialization And Social Control1508 Words à |à 7 Pageslarge, gender socialization is a major contributor to identity and self- concept. Gender therefore becomes a characteristic that defines otherââ¬â¢s perceptions and evaluations of us. People come to manage gender along with aspects of other aspects of the self by making sure that we are acting in gender-appropriate way (Goffman, 1959, Libby). In itself, the self is a product of social forces and it emerges through socialization. Being that gender is a major function of oneââ¬â¢s identity, stereotypes aboutRead MoreA Norm Is A Standard Behavior That Is Expected From A Group1130 Words à |à 5 Pagesof whatââ¬â¢s around them. Society must alter gender expectations and apply the same rules to both genders to change its mindset on gender norms and to stop rape culture. Altering gender norms at a young age will cause children to see the things they share rather than their differences. Gender norms have inequality between male and female. At a young age, children are taught the difference among themselves. Children can differentiate toys that one gender should play with. For example, girls gravitateRead MoreToys Are An Integral Part Of Our Childhood1671 Words à |à 7 Pagesthem to conform to the assigned gender roles and stereotypes. This is mainly done in accordance to their choice of games and toys. Toys are an integral part of our childhood. In some ways, it is the one thing that people from all over the world share in common. As children, toys were a major source of our entertainment and social interaction. However, the booming population of children and the growth of toy industry has resulted in the commercialization of childhood. Toys have been an effective methodRead MoreWomen s Social And Mental Development1439 Words à |à 6 Pagescharacters, but creates unrealistic and falsified interpretation of what it mean to be a specific gender. As a result, it can be seen that todayââ¬â¢s modern western pop cultural, has become globalized into an industry of gender roles in which has transformed mainstream television, commercial ads, movies and toys. Stereotypical traits have been assigned to each gender and has become a significant problematic concern among adults in raising children. With the significant rise for entertainment in mainstream filmography Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-31696929129445839002020-05-10T08:37:00.001-07:002020-05-10T08:37:03.345-07:00Human Resource Management An Effective Management Of... Human resource management provides way through which people can be managed within the organization. It is being considered as one of the most important function for any company (Bernardin and et. al., 2011). This is because, it is with the help of the given concept only an effective management of individual can be carried out within enterprise. In addition to this, given department has the basic function of carrying out the recruitment, selection and training and development of the employees. For the given report Qbic hotel is selected. It is small but rapidly growing hotel that operates its function in London City. It has its first branch situated in financial business centre of Amsterdam and in the year 2013 hotel had opened its second branch of Qbic in London City in Whitechapel.. The report will depict about the role that human resource department plays in achieving and raising the effectiveness of the organization. In addition to this, the study will also showcases the way thro ugh which HR related strategies and practices that can be developed by manager of Qbic hotel with an aim to ensure the success of its organization in the specific market. Further, the report will also showcase upon the way through which an effective framework for strategic human resource management can be framed by the organization. SECTION 1 TASK 1 Defining the concept of strategic human resource management The concept of strategic human resource management (SHRM) is that, the type ofShow MoreRelated HR roles and responsibilities Essay1121 Words à |à 5 Pagesit is very important to remember how effective planning and development play an important role in the overall success of the organization. The ability to plan and execute an effective strategy is only as good as the people that are placed in the positions to make these decisions. It is crucial to have an aggressive team that will be both competitive and motivated to carry out the objectives set forth. Not only is it important to understand how these individuals will effect the organization but alsoRead MoreHuman Resource Management And How Does It Affect An Organization?1510 Words à |à 7 Pagesquestion, ââ¬Å"What is Human Resource Management and how does it affect an organization?â⬠According to Management Study Guide (n.d.), human resource management is the practice of managing individuals in an organization through an organized and systematic method. Human resource management affects an organization by executing the procedures and policies and warranting that the complaints of employees are taken care of. Given the different roles taken on by the human resource management, it is vital to theRead MoreHuman Resource Management : A Competitive Advantage Essay1352 Words à |à 6 PagesIV. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AS A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE ââ¬Å"It allows a firm to gain an edge over rivals when competing. It comes from a firmââ¬â¢s ability to perform activities more distinctively and more effectively than rivals. â⬠Competitive advantage refers to the ability of an organization to formulate strategies for the exploitation of opportunities that are to be presented in external environment. Liberalization created a hyper-competitive environment to respond to this turbulence, Indian organizationsRead MoreDifferent Approaches For Human Resource Management Essay1517 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe human resource team need to find which strategy could be effective for the organization. There could be two different approaches for human resource managers which are best practices as well as best fit model. The proponent of best practice model state a bundle of human resource policies that include reward system whereas the best fit approaches promotes that, reward system should be aligned to the strategy of the organization. The human resource team members need to identify the effective measuresRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1562 Words à |à 7 PagesHuman resource management (HRM) is an important st rategic and systematic approach that provides each company with the opportunity to create policies and practices, as well as to establish administrative forms (Pfeffer, 2007). According to Armstrong (2009) HRM is an approach that deals with ââ¬Ëemployment, development, and well-being of the people working in organizationsââ¬â¢. However HRM has evolved significantly through the years due to the rapid social, economic, political and environmental changes.Read MoreHuman Resource Management and the Impact of Information Technology1361 Words à |à 6 PagesHuman Resource Management and the Impact of Information Technology Is the impact of information technology changing Human Resource Management? Information, technology impact is changing the whole concept of how the work place is managed, and I will point out the changes and enhancements to Human Resource Management and the employees. The information technology can save everyone time and expense once he or she learns how to use it efficiently. Human Resource will be impacted more than any otherRead MoreSafety And Health Of Human Resource Management Essay1541 Words à |à 7 Pages Safety and health in human resource management Martha Mbugua East Centarl University Safety and health in human resource management Introduction Human resource management in any organization is responsible for various aspects that concern the employees. Safety and health is one aspect the human resource professionals oversee in any given workplace environment (Clarke, Ward, 2006).Human resource professionals have a significantRead MoreAn Investigation On Hrm Practices Essay1521 Words à |à 7 PagesRenjith K.P., 3 Lakshmi.K.R 1 Asst.Professor, Dept. of Management Studies, Siena College Edacochin. 2 Asst.Professor, Dept. of Commerce, Siena College Edacochin. 3 Asst.Professor, Dept. of Commerce, Siena College Edacochin. ABSTRACT Human Resource Management is a practice of bringing people and organizations together so that the goals of each are met. It is the part of the management practices which is concerned with the management of human resources is an organization. It tries to secure the best fromRead MoreSummary of Human Resource Management1577 Words à |à 7 Pagesvery important that human research management to transform from being primarily administrative and operational to strategic partner. The reason is it important is because the human resource department plays a crucial role in determining the culture of an organization. Human resources promote and implement policies and procedures. The key areas are hiring practices, compensation, management relations and employee conduct and behavior. The decisions made by the human resources department will effectRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1105 Words à |à 5 PagesHuman Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an association that ha s emphases on the employment of, administration of, and providing direction for the employees within an organization. The Human Resource Management department members deliver knowledge, training, tools, administrative services, and lawful and organization advice. The HRM department is organized by very talented managers who has a mission to make sure the rest of the business has the needs for successful operation. Human Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-63022684632365500662020-05-06T10:42:00.001-07:002020-05-06T10:42:38.382-07:00Cabeza de Vaca Free Essays The Narrative of Cabeza de Vaca: Attitude Towards the Native Indians In The Narrative of Cabeza de Vaca, we follow the journey of Cabeza de Vaca to one of the earliest conquests to the New World. De Vacaââ¬â¢s perspective was not like that of conventional conquerors, but he was rather an anthropologist who accepted other cultures and traditions. De Vaca was an advocate for better treatment of Indians, which lead to him being convicted and sent to Africa. We will write a custom essay sample on Cabeza de Vaca or any similar topic only for you Order Now This action alone speaks volumes about the heightened prejudice that fueled in the minds of the Europeans against the Native Indians. In The Narrative of Cabeza de Vaca, we witness the superior and greedy attitude of the European conquistadors, which later evolves to a civil and sympathetic view. During the 16th Century, European attitude towards Indians was dehumanizing as they felt that the Native Indians were inferior to them because they didnââ¬â¢t have European characteristics of blue eyes and blonde hair . The European conquistadors were looking for new land in hopes to live, seek gold and gather wealth. Europeans enslaved the Native Indians and tried to force them off the land, thus the Indians had to fight back. Religious missionaries tried to convert the Indians to Christianity, they believed that this was the right thing to do because the Indians were superstitious and savage. Due to this perception of Europeans, Cabeza de Vaca suffered greatly because of his sympathy for Native Indians. Like most European explorers, Cabeza de Vaca was inclined towards their conquest. Cabeza de Vaca expressed sympathy and somewhat superiority towards the Indians, while welcoming their hospitable nature throughout the expedition in order to justify his entitlement to their land. As him and his Spanish conquistadors made their westward journey, they encountered many obstacles, such as natural disasters and the initial captivity by the Native Indians. During his almost decade long odyssey, Cabeza de Vaca went through many transformations from being a conquistador to a slave, then a trader, and then a spiritual healer who was regarded almost as God by the Native Indians. This shows how his perception and understanding changed over time, as he bonded more with the Native Indians. Although, initially, he was at the receiving end of brutality by the hands of the Native Indians, later he developed an amiable relationship with them, which resulted in him becoming an advocate for the better treatment of the Native Indians later on. Due to this, he faced great challenges and punishment, and was sent to Africa. Also, Cabeza de Vaca learned many valuable survival skills from the Native Indians during his journey there. The Narrative of Cabeza de Vaca takes us through a voyage of transforming attitudes from the initial enslavement of the conquistadors by the Native Indians, to the creation of a pleasant relationship with them later. During this expedition, we witness the changing view of Cabeza de Vaca, from a egocentric European conqueror to an advocate for the Native Indians. The penalization of Cabeza de Vaca for speaking up for the better treatment of Native Indians demonstrates the biased and repugnant attitude of the Europeans during the 16th Century. How to cite Cabeza de Vaca, Essay examples Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-39101508655054397092020-04-29T15:24:00.001-07:002020-04-29T15:24:03.566-07:00Training And Development Training Plan free essay sample It seems fairly obvious that the two correlate tit one another but there are many businesses that lack the vision and follow through to keep these two inseparable principles together. Admittedly, I believe my company, J. Crew, falls into the category of a business that does provide good customer service but lacks the ability to really develop its people in a way that can surpass customer service as a standard and make it a part of the culture.One of the strategic goals in our company is to increase customer service by providing a customer-centric atmosphere. Believe this goal can be accomplished with the right systems in place. Exceptional customer service is delivered by exceptional people. Before we can be sure that we are meeting the needs of our customers and providing quality service, we need to be able to retain, develop and invest in employees first.The programs and training that I would like to implement are employee incentives programs, which will consist of both financial and non-financial incentives, and a mentor program which in and of itself serves as a non- financial incentive in that it gives employees more responsibility while affirming their worth to the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Training And Development Training Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It also identifies key employees as traders whose responsibility is to help develop other employees and stand in the gap where management may not be able to reach.The mentors program also bench trains potential future managers and helps cultivate the skills to be able to effectively and confidently manage a team. An extrapolation of this training can be illustrated in this order: Leadership training that both empowers and develops employees will further enhance employees attitude by upholding their worth which will lead to a higher quality and standard of customer service that ultimately will be the bridge in accomplishing the strategic objective of creating a customer-centric atmosphere while building brand loyalty and ensuring repeat business.This ripple effect can be applied throughout all businesses and as a future HRS manager believe it is important to be able to identify, assess and build solutions through training like this or comparable to it. Training Needs Analysis Organizational Analysis: In conducting an organizational analysis it was found that not only are there increases in customer complaints in comparison to last year, but there is also poor employee morale in addition to a lower employee retention rate.These exults were traced back to middle management where it was found that poor leadership and a lack of clear communication gave cause to these results. The purpose of this training will not only train managers in effective communication and leadership but will also provide the opportunity to develop potential leaders within the company. All managers will be held accountable in facilitating a successful implementation of this program. Leadership sustained by effective communication are the defining attributes that sets the rest of this training up for success.Missions and Strategies: J. CreWs corporate governance statement says that, J. Crew strives to maintain standards that will provide our customers, associates, and shareholders with assurance that our excellence resides not only in the superior design of our merchandise, but in every aspect of our business (J. Crew, 2014). On the organizational level J. Crew strives to create a Customer- centric atmosphere. The purpose of this training plan is to better align our people with that objective.After conducting an analysis, it has been decided to move forward with not only a training program that develops and empowers the employees to better cultivate a customer-centric attitude but also incentives to initiate and bolster the training received. Resources and Allocation of Resources: Capital Resources: J. Crew has decided to invest an extra one million dollars into this proposed training plan. The additional money will be invested in payroll hours to complete all necessary training and will take place inside each home store.Human Resources: Each store will have one HRS consultant for the management team who will be responsible for providing all training tools to be disseminated. The consultant and management team will work together to oversee all training processes. In addition, there will be two subordinates or mentors to the management team who will be developed by the managers and will actively participate in training as well as execute all other training needs. Organizational Environment J.Crews goal is to create a place where work, individual growth, knowledge, skill enhancement and fun meet together in a blend to reflect the very employees it strives to create. Efficient communication is vital for the continual success of this program. Top and middle managers who can effectively and efficiently communicate with customers and staff are key to insuring this training aligns with the companys objectives. Operational Analysis Several methods Of analysis including employee feedback, job observation and job questionnaires were used to collection data and identify training needs.One of the major issues that this analysis found was the lack of effective communication and follow through from managers to subordinates. This resulted in employees with underdeveloped communication and customer service skills, low morale, and therefore unmotivated to perform to the standard that]. Crew has set forth. The summary of the findings are as follows: Methods People Rest Its Questionnaires were completed Managers and associates Large gap in communicating expectations from both managers and associates. Interviews were conducted Customers In researching all customer complaints within the last year, it was found in roughly 7 out of 10 complaints, customers felt neglected during their interaction with managers and/or associates. Job Observations Assessment of job satisfaction showed most managers and associates were dissatisfied with the current working environment. Person Analysis Soaks Managers Ability to support the operation of a profitable building through successful ailing floor supervision and management of division of responsibility.Knowledge of customer focus: leads by example by providing quality customer service. Ability to take ownership of self- development Skilled in training team on J. Crew standards. Associates Ability to sell the world of J. Crew with quality and commitment. Ability to represent a helpful, friendly customer focus at all times. Skilled in effective and professional communication which upholds J. Crew standards and GU nines at all times. Some managers are lacking the necessary communication skills because they ever received the proper training or mentoring.The gap in communication has created a lack of follow through in communication from managers to associates thus leaving associates ineffective in their ability to deliver J. Crews quality service standards. The success of any associate or manager will be contingent on the development of each individual from the start. To assist in the development of individuals, the mentors program will provide support to management in communicating policies and expectations. Mentors will be able to bridge the gap in cultivating associates knowledge, skills and abilities.Performance Discrepancies Lack of clear, concise information regarding quality and standards. Little to no follow through on development of associates. Poor allocation of time and resources. No feedback system in place to objectively measure performance. Low retention rate. Low employee morale. Training Needs Minimization of overall communication. Measurement systems of employee progress and performance. Daily coaching moments on standards, quality and customer service. Improved recruitment and selection strategies. Argue focus on employee orientation. Utilization of small group training techniques. Better corrective action strategies. The attitudes and motivations of the employees are an uncontrollable element in this training. However, effective follow through and communication Of standards and expectations will greatly reduce the propensity for non-compliance with standards of employment. Leadership and Customer Service Training Design A. ) Design I. Method of Training: Training will start from designated HRS trainer within each store to management team who will then carry out the training to mentors and associates. Various methods of training will be utilized to maximize overall training. These methods will include monthly webzines, group presentations, small group discussions concerning the material in group presentations, role playing within small group setting and videos for enhanced learning. II. Time Allocation Training will occur on Monday, Wednesday and Friday for two weeks. Training will be delivered to management first and will start at 7:AMA and end at 9:AMA. Training will then be disseminated to mentors every Monday and Wednesday from 7:AMA to 9:AMA for two weeks. After the initial two weeks, J. Crew will continue to do leadership and customer service webzines ND send training tools the last Monday of every month for management to pass on to mentors and associates. Ill. Number of Trainees During the two week training period for management, the amount of trainees will be dependent upon how many managers are in a store per training session. There will always be two trainees for every mentors training session. IV. Mandatory Training All training is mandatory for J. Crew employees, especially managers. Much of the managements experience is not backed in the level of training that is necessary to be in alignment with J.Crew standards. The training is being put n place to set all employees up for success. Maximal success ultimately depends on the individual but the investment in our people is one of J. Crews focuses. The training being provided is also geared to help cultivate interpersonal skills that will lead to better relationships in every context. V. On or Off-Site Training Training will take place on site at every J. Crew location inside of the store. B. ) Training Objectives This training is essential for all J. Crew employees to receive.In order to better align with company objectives this training will serve as the bridge to any gaps that are currently hindering that process. It is especially useful for managers who may possess good technical skill but lack communication and leadership skills. L. Training Reaction Objectives After trainees have gone through the training they will know how to: Increase overall communication between management and employees. Identify training moments and know how to lead by example. Provide feedback to employees. Cultivate coaching strategies. Improve employee morale. Know how to turn negative feedback into constructive feedback. II.Learning Objectives This training will provide trainees with the knowledge and tools to successful dervish and communication skills by: Identifying top talent through recruiting and selection training to build a team of the best and brightest (Managers). Communicating quality standards effectively to peers as well as associates. Understanding how to better track employee performance and create effective action plans. Demonstrating all of the training tools learned from training in daily interaction. Improving employee retention rates. Understanding how to navigate through conflicts in the workplace with clear and concise communication. Analyzing different personality types within the am to understand how to best approach and teach individuals. Ill. Transfer of Training Objectives Once trainees have successfully completed this training program they will be able to: Manage turnover rates more efficiently Improve overall store morale and environment Be more aligned with J. CreWs standard of creating a more customer-centric atmosphere. Effectively utilize hiring and selection tools. Evaluate performance using feedback and evaluations. Demonstrate leadership and communication skills that will ultimately impact the business. Be more people-focused and develop talent within the store. Be successful and positive motivators of themselves and those around them. IV. Organizational Objectives The completion of the training will yield benefits to the organization in the following ways: Create brand loyalty through the delivery of J. Crews quality standards consistently. Increase employee retention rates thus lowering costs. Provide bench training to mentors that will create manager-ready associates. Increase employee satisfaction. Create a store atmosphere of quality and service that will noticeably affect our customers.Be in alignment with our organizational strategy of creating a customer-centric atmosphere. Training Methods Our vision and goal for this training is to fully empower our associates and deposit within them the training they need. We think the best way to accomplish this is to take a variety of methods that will bolster their learning and make it a seamless transaction from training they receive to their role in the store. Starting with the managers, all the way through the associates we want to create a team that is well rounded, knowledgeable, and empowered to make the right decision thats best for the customer in every and any situation.Through their blended learning and training J. Crew associates will have all the resources at their disposal to cultivate their Soaks. Lectures We will use lectures as the opening platform before every training session. The lecture will consist of the training objectives for the day as well as a brief overview and summary Of what the training will entail and what we hope to transfer to the associates. We will also explain what other training methods we will use that day and also use this time to give a summary of the training subject being discussed that day i. . Customer Service: How to Engage the Customer. Powering Proponents will be used as a supplemental resource during the lecture. The Proponents main purpose is to give a description, illustration, and visual representation of the training objectives. It will also serve to provide a summary of what training material we will be covering that day. Interactive Multimedia Interactive multimedia will be one of the methods used to go over and train associates on situational strategies.Some of these situational strategies will include, situational leadership, in the moment and general coaching strategies, and enhancing customer service dialogue. The objective in this raining is to psychologically immerse the trainee in the environment so that they will be equipped to handle any situation that may arise. Computer- Based Training Computer-based training will provide an in depth look at the training topic being discussed. From J. CreWs perspective, the trainee will learn what is expected and explain the importance of the training being administered.Also, CB will include top level managements vision and hope for the trainee to make for a more familial environment and hear from top executives why they believe in the training topic being discussed and how to it relates or the organizations goals. Role-Play Role-play will be used to increase retention and knowledge through interaction with other trainees and the trainer. All role-play will be used to put into practice what was gone over through the lecture as well as the interactive media and computer-based training. There will be four different types of role-play used to maximize the training objectives.These four role- play types consist of spontaneous role-play, single role-play, multiple role- play, and role rotation. Spontaneous role-play will be used to give insight to attitudes and behaviors and will be used to start the role-play training. Next, ingle role-play will allow for One Of the trainees to give a demonstration Of what topic is being learned and addressed. Then multiple role play will be used for all trainees to interact together and play out scenarios that are in conjunction with the training objective or topic that day.Lastly, role-rotation will be used to provide a fully interactive training and provide time for questions and answers during each scenario. Training Development Facilities All training will occur within each J. Crew store. The training will take place in the back of the store as well as the front before the store opens. The back of he store provides plenty of space for the lectures and e-training whereas the front provides enough for engaging in role plays and other demonstrations that offer real life scenarios for the associates. Doing the training on the sales floor allows the trainees to adapt to the knowledge and skills they are acquiring and makes for a seamless transition into their abilities. It also makes the environment familiar to be able to apply all of the training. Trainers There will be one designated HRS trainer per store. This trainer is responsible for the delivery of the training to all managers and mentors. Each trainer is experienced and qualified in their ability to effectively communicate and lead teams to become a team that is continuously improving.Each trainer has been certified in the companys Training and Development Certification test and has to be renewed every year. Each trainer also has at least two years of training and development experience and have been with company for three years or more. Trainers are well rounded in their knowledge of the company, technical skills, and their ability to communicate diversely and effectively. Equipment The following is a list of equipment that will be used to supplement and make revision for training: A U shaped table as well as chairs for small group discussions and for trainees to sit during lectures.Powering to help supplement lectures and training content. Computers for E-based training and to provide Proponents. Books, notepads, pens, and binders for all training materials. A trainers binder that contains all training subjects that will be covered. DVDs that provide instructional video. T. V. For the trainees to watch instructional videos. Refreshments during various breaks for trainer and trainees. Training Evaluation The training evaluation is the final element of the training plan. Evaluations will be conducted throughout the training as well as after the training to better asses and measure the results.Trainees will not only be expected to retain all of the information administered to them but also be able to apply it. This will be accomplished through the use of questionnaires, quizzes, and performance evaluations. The training evaluation will occur across four different levels to effectively assess overall training. Each area of evaluation will also provide insight to the trainer to better assess where the training could be most effective or where emphasis is needed. Measuring Trainees Reaction: This evaluation will be administered one to two weeks after the training which will score the training they received.Through the use of questionnaires we will ask their thoughts on the subject matter, the relevance of the training, as well as the delivery of the training from the trainee. This will also help shape feedback on where strengths and weaknesses of the training are. Measuring Trainees Learning: An evaluation of the training will be administered after each training session. The trainees will be given a quiz over the material covered which will include rue and false as well as short answer questions to better gauge measurable results. These tests will be geared towards overall retention and understanding of the material.They will also provide insight into where trainers may need to be more effective. All quizzes will be electronically based for to better track and analyze data. Measuring Trainees Transfer of Skills: This evaluation will be a measurement of behavior and progress. This will be administered 2-3 months after the training and will gauge the transfer of training and how well the associate has been able to utilize the training that was given. The evaluation will also be administered every quarter to better track progress and ensure optimal performance. The results of these evaluations will also be measured against pre-training evaluations and training deficiencies described earlier in the training plan. Organizational Rest Its: implementation and execution of training will provide the organization with the following results: Higher employee morale. Increase employee retention rates thus lowering costs. Provide the exceptional managers who will be well rounded in their technical and interpersonal skills. Deliver continual, ever-increasing personalized arrive to customers. Provide bench training to mentors that will create manager-ready associates. Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-56778308984966541562020-03-20T17:52:00.001-07:002020-03-20T17:52:04.767-07:00Fiction and film essayFiction and film essay " A good filmic adaption of a novel is true to the novel's form and content". Critically examine this statement in the light of the filmic adaptions of novels you have read for this course.In this essay I will argue that a good filmic adaption must be true to a novel's form and content. I will use as my argument the novels Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte, and Les Liaisons Dangereuses, by Choderlos De Laclos; and the films Jane Eyre, directed by Franco Zeffirelli and Dangerous Liaisons, directed by Stephen Frears. For a good filmic adaption to occur, the film must represent the distinction of and capture the sensations that are produced by a novel. It must allow for its meaning and portrayal to be of the same critical and expedient standard of the novel. This leads me to my thesis: A good filmic adaptation must depict the general and popular themes of the novel, and thus comply the visual imagery of the screen with the essence and imagery more strongly purports by the author of the nov el.English: Count Valmont, frontispiece for 'Les Lias...I will draw upon two elements of both novels: Concept, with the examples of feminism and passion; and form, with the examples of time, spaces and point of view.The protagonist and leading characters of the novels portray feminism, in both novels. In Jane Eyre we see a woman whose morals and dignity surpassed the pressure of society of the imposed duty of marriage for women. Marriage again becomes a strong theme in Les Liaisons Dangereuses, as the 'satanic heroine', Marquise de Merteuil, used marriage as a weapon to learn how to empower men: "The first night (with husband)...offered me only a further opportunity for experience" p183. Jane's individualism and strength, combined with the Marquise's manipulation and... Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-38102574960456193272020-03-04T09:39:00.001-08:002020-03-04T09:39:02.244-08:00An Overview of Labeling TheoryAn Overview of Labeling Theory Labeling theory states that people come to identify and behave in ways that reflect how others label them. It is most commonly associated with the sociology of crime and deviance: labeling and treating someone as criminally deviant can foster deviant behavior. Labeling someone as a criminal, for example, can cause others to treat them more negatively- and the response to being treated more negatively can be in turn for that person to act more negatively. ï » ¿The Origins of Labeling Theory Labeling theory is rooted in the idea of the social construction of reality, which is central to the field of sociology and is linked to the symbolic interactionist perspective. As an area of focus, it flourished within American sociology during the 1960s, thanks in large part to sociologistà Howard Becker. However, its core ideas can be traced back to the work of founding French sociologistà Emile Durkheim. The theory of American sociologistà George Herbert Mead, which focused on the social construction of the self as a process involving interactions with others, was also influential in its development. Others involved in the development of labeling theory and the conduct of research related to it include Frank Tannenbaum, Edwin Lemert, Albert Memmi, Erving Goffman, and David Matza. Overview Labeling theory is one of the most important approaches to understanding deviant and criminal behavior. Ità begins with the assumption that no act is intrinsically criminal. Definitions of criminality are established by those in power through the formulation of laws and the interpretation of those laws by police, courts, and correctional institutions. Deviance is therefore not a set of characteristics of individuals or groups, but rather it is a process of interaction between deviants and non-deviants and the context in which criminality is being interpreted. To understand the nature of deviance itself, we must first understand why some people are tagged with a deviant label, and others are not. Those who represent forces of law and order and those who enforce the boundaries of what is considered normal behavior, such as the police, court officials, experts, and school authorities, provide the main source of labeling. By applying labels to people, and in the process creating categories of deviance, these people reinforce the power structure of society. Many of the rules that define deviance and the contexts in which deviant behavior is labeled as deviant are framed by the wealthy for the poor, by men for women, by older people for younger people, and by ethnic and racial majorities for minority groups. In other words, the more powerful and dominant groups in society create and apply deviant labels to the subordinate groups. For example, many children engage in activities such as breaking windows, stealing fruit from other peopleââ¬â¢s trees, climbing into other peopleââ¬â¢s yards, or playing hooky from school. In affluent neighborhoods, these acts may be regarded by parents, teachers, and police as innocent aspects of the process of growing up. In poor areas, on the other hand, these same activities might be seen as tendencies towards juvenile delinquency, which suggests that differences of class and race play an important role in the process of assigning labels of deviance. Research has shown that Black girls and boys are disciplined more frequently and more harshly by teachers and school administrators thanà are their peers of other races, though there is no evidence to suggest that they misbehave more frequently. Similarly, and with much more severe consequences, statistics that show that police kill Black people at a far higher rate than whites, even when they are unarmed and have committed no crime, suggests that the misapplication of deviant labels as a result of racial stereotypes is at play. Once a person is labeled as deviant, it is extremely difficult to remove that label. The deviant person becomes stigmatized as a criminal or deviant and is likely to be considered, and treated, as untrustworthy by others. The deviant individual is then likely to accept the label that has been attached, seeing himself or herself as deviant, and act in a way that fulfills the expectations of that label. Even if the labeled individual does not commit any further deviant acts than the one that caused them to be labeled, getting rid of that label can be very hard and time-consuming. For example, it is usually very difficult for a convicted criminal to find employment after release from prison because of their label as ex-criminal. They have been formally and publicly labeled a wrongdoer and are treated with suspicion likely for the remainder of their lives. Critiques of Labeling Theory One critique of labeling theory is that it emphasizes the interactive process of labeling and ignores the processes and structures that lead to deviant acts. Such processes might include differences in socialization, attitudes, and opportunities, and how social and economic structures impact these. The second critique of labeling theory is that it is still not clear whether or not labeling has the effect of increasing deviant behavior. Delinquent behavior tends to increase following conviction, but is this the result of labeling itself as the theory suggests? It is very difficult to say, since many other factors may be involved, including increased interaction with other delinquents and learning new criminal opportunities. Further Reading Crime and Communityà by Frank Tannenbaum (1938)Outsidersà by Howard Becker (1963)The Colonizer and the Colonizedà by Albert Memmi (1965)Human Deviance, Social Problems and Social Controlà by Edwin Lemert (1967)Learning to Labour: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobsà by Paul Willis (1977)Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boysà by Victor Rios (2011) Identityà andWomen Without Class: Girls, Race by Julie Bettie (2014) Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-34962742013642925062020-02-17T01:05:00.001-08:002020-02-17T01:05:02.961-08:00Film and American Culture Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsFilm and American Culture Studies - Essay Example The way a certain movie influences a certain culture it is not same way it affects another culture. Certain cultures may think that action movies may instill violence to their child. Some parents argue that children will want to practice and experience what they watch in movies. A program such as wrestling is said to nurture and build a violent person (Funk, et al, 23ââ¬â39). This will not be the case to other cultures because they might find it to be educative. The Chinese and Japanese like practicing soldierly arts; hence, they will find action movies to be educative because they can learn some skills from these movies. Other cultures find action movies to be entertaining. This is because in their everyday life, they encounter many risks, for example, the Maasai culture occupation is practiced around the forest as they graze their animals. They may find these movies to be entertaining as they experience a lot of violence with the wild animals. Some parents argue that action mov ies will instill braveness in children, especially cultures that undergo painful initiation. Some cultures recommend the circumcision of their men without being sedated to show braveness in a man. The other category of movies that have both positive effects on culture is the soap operas. These movies have different sagas, typically focusing on love. Parents feel that these movies will poison their children relationship issues at an early age. They feel that their children will start engaging in sexual action at an early age. Indian culture believes that people should not engage in sex until they are married. These movies will affect their culture negatively as young people will get involved passionately. It is also Indian customary for marriages and spouses to be arranged by parents, but after young people watch these soap operas, they feel they have a right to decide on their marriage life thus violating their culture. Other cultures find these soap operas to be informative and edu cative. For instance, these cultures feel that they educate people on how solve shaky relationship because they are true reflective of what happens in real life. These movies are educative in that they answer many questions to children. Parents are sometimes shy to converse matters pertaining to love and sex. They are unable to answer questions in this area hence these movies answer children questions. The other categories of movies that have both positive and negative impacts are the drama movies. These movies show how people use their wits and knowledge to solve certain issue. For example, a movie like Prison Break show how convicts gang up and use their wits to escape from prison. Children may try to put these in practice, hence skiving and absconding classes. These influence cultures in a negative manner. Some drama movies tackle the concern of bullying. For example, a movie like American Girl Stands Strong shows how some characters bully others in the school. Children may pract ice this and use it to bull other children. This may in turn result in forming an oppressive culture where some people are made to feel oppressive. Other drama movies address relationship issue. A movie like Desperate Housewives has shown a lot of unfaithful relationship. These may result in the buildup of cultures with infidelities; hence, separations and divorce will be the order of the day. They may also influence the Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-70914750675265142892020-02-03T02:53:00.001-08:002020-02-03T02:53:02.606-08:00Summarize Strategic Management in a Healthcare Organization Research PaperSummarize Strategic Management in a Healthcare Organization - Research Paper Example Additionally, Strategic management has a combination of elements that are correlated and are crucial to achieving the predetermined objectives. Strategic management is important in healthcare organizations because it plays a fundamental role in correctly predicting the future and establishing mechanisms for dealing with emerging issues (Hunger & Wheelen 2010). Ideally, strategic management assist healthcare organizations in identifying potential opportunities as well as challenges and establishes mechanisms for dealing with the inherent situations (Hunger & Wheelen 2010). Strategic management is essential for healthcare organizations because it aids in planning for various activities and operations effectively discarding frustrations. Healthcare organizations are constantly faced with external threats, and strategic management provides a solution to this challenging event. Ideally, strategic management aid in determining external pressure by coming up with effective solutions to deal with the issues (Hunger & Wheelen 2010). Strategic management is important in a healthcare organization because it is growth oriented. Essentially, the role of strategic management is to constantly seek for opportunities that are effective for success (Hill et al., 2012). Healthcare organizations require strategic management plans as a consequence of remaining relevant in a dynamic environment. The tool can aid healthcare organizations in planning, monitoring development programs and the implementation of processes. Consequently, healthcare organizations are capable of predicting the future and responding to the inherent challenges and Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-52874562970654001192020-01-25T23:17:00.001-08:002020-01-25T23:17:04.220-08:00Effects Of Work Place Ionising Radiation Construction EssayEffects Of Work Place Ionising Radiation Construction Essay There have been increased concerns about the effects of work place ionising radiation on the health and safety of workers over the years. As we go along, this paper will show and compare legislation pertaining to work place exposure to ionising radiation in Trinidad and Tobago and the European Union. 1.1 What is Radiation? Radiation is energy that is transmitted, absorbed or emitted in the form of particles or a wave. Emissions emanating from radiation are all around us and can be absorbed readily by the human body causing adverse health effects. Radiation can be used to cure diseases and diagnose aliments. It can be transmitted from a variety of sources, be they natural (sun, cosmic, terrestrial, internal radiation or radon) or man-made (power supply, nuclear power plants, industrial activities, light sources, etc.). Radiation can be in the form of Ionising or Non-Ionising. For the purpose of this assignment we shall be discussing Ionising Radiation. 1.2 What is Ionising Radiation? Ionising radiation is radiation that is energetic enough when interacting with an atom detaches the electrons causing the atom to become ionized or charged. Ionising radiation can be broken down into three (3) different types: Alpha particles contains two protons and two neutrons and is emitted from uranium or radium, it can be stopped by sheet of paper or skin. Beta particles contains essentially electrons and is emitted from radioactive elements, it can penetrate the skin. It can be stopped by aluminum foil or plastic. Gamma rays contain pure energy and are similar to x-rays and it is also emitted from isotopes. It can penetrate (pass through) the body and can only be stopped by water, thick concrete or lead. DISCUSSION 2.1 Literature review For the purpose of this assignment we will be looking at legislation dealing with work place exposure to Ionising Radiation in Trinidad and Tobago and the United Kingdom. Trinidad and Tobago does not have a specific legislation dealing with ionising radiation. The Radiation Protection Working Group was formulated in 2006 at the request of the Ministry of Health of Trinidad and Tobago to draft such a legislation, but this have not yet become law. Taking this in mind we therefore look to the Occupational Safety and Health Act Amended 3 of 2006 which is not specific about regulations dealing with work place exposure to ionising radiation. On the other hand, when we look to the United Kingdom for legislation pertaining to ionising radiation, we find a vast source of information ranging from Ionising Radiation Regulations 1999 and the Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2000. I have chosen to look at the United Kingdom Ionising Radiation Regulations 1999 as it pertains to work place exposure to radiation. 2.2 Trinidad and Tobago Occupational Safety and Health Act Amended 3 of 2006 According to the Trinidad and Tobago Occupational Safety and Health Act Amended 3 of 2006 which states that every employer has a duty of care to his employees, he must then take all reasonable practicable steps to ensure the safety, health and welfare of said employees in his employ. In order to accomplish this, the employer must perform a suitable and sufficient risk assessment to identify all the hazards that an employee will be exposed to while performing a job or task in his employ. The employer is then required to reduce these risks associated with said hazards to as low as reasonably practicable. The Occupation Safety and Health Act Amended 3 of 2006 states that a code of practice can be adopted by the employer but does not specify, it is left solely to the discretion of the employer. When dealing with work place exposure to ionising radiation the employer can implement the best practice begin used in said field. One such best practice to manage ionising radiation in the workplace, is Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series for health and safety management systems (OHSAS 18001 certification). 2.3 United Kingdom Ionising Radiation Regulation 1999 The United Kingdom Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999 came into full force in 2000 and replaced the 1995 Ionising Radiations Regulations. This Regulation pertains to ionizing radiation associated with the work place and not from natural sources. The Ionising Radiation Regulations 1999 has forty one (41) regulations arranged in seven (7) parts and nine (9) Schedules, They are as follows; Part 1 Regulations 1 4 Interpretation of terms and General requirements Part 2 Regulations 5 12 General principles and procedures. Regulations 5 and 6 require employers to notify the HSE if and when working with ionizing radiation, a license must be acquired for working with x-rays, etc. Regulation 7, a risk assessment is required before any work involving radiation can begin. When all potential hazards have been identified, it is the duty of the employer to take all steps that are reasonably practicable to prevent accidents, limit the consequence if said accident occurs and provide employees with the equipment, training and information to prevent their exposure to ionising radiation. Regulation 8 deals with restriction of exposure, the dose employees or any other persons may be exposed to within any calendar year. It also deals with requirements for physical means and written procedures to protect employees. Regulation 9 deals with personal protective equipment; it must meet PPE Regulations 1992. And that said equipment must be stored and kept in good working condition. Regulation 10 deals with the maintenance and examination of engineering controls (warning devices, safety features) PPE, etc. Regulation 12 requires employers to prepare contingency plans and rehearsals of said plan. Part 3 Regulations 13 15 deals with the arrangements for the management of radiation protection. Regulation 13 controls the appointment of radiation protection advisers, which can be contracted by the employer. These advisers have the duty of making local laws for safe conduct of work and ensure proper supervision of work. Regulation 14 deals with general training and information. Regulation 15 requires co-operation between employers where by if one organization is at risk because of the operations of other, the exchange of information to ensure full compliance with the Regulation. Part 4 Regulations 16 19 covers designation of controlled and supervised areas and their monitoring. Regulation 17 deals with local rules (written procedures and contingency plans) and the appointment of radiation protection supervisors. Regulation 18 deals with additional requirements for designated areas (warning signs, restrictions on access, dose assessment, radioactive contamination, records for non-classified workers, etc). Regulation 19 requires the monitoring of designated areas (tests on instruments and keeping records). Part 5 Regulations 20 26 deals with the classification and monitoring of persons. Regulation 20 deals with the designated of classified persons, (those employees who are likely to receive more than the specified dose). Regulation 21 deals with dose assessment and recording for classified persons. Regulation 22 deals with the estimated dose and special entries. Regulation 23 deals with dosimetry (measuring the dose of radiation emitted by a radioactive source) for accidents, etc. Regulation 24 requires medical surveillance to employees (classified persons, non-classified persons and persons about to be classified). Regulation 25 deals with the investigation and notification of overexposure by employers who must keep the record for at least fifty (50) years. Regulation 26 deals with modified dose limitation for overexposed employees. Part 6 Regulations 27 33 makes arrangement for the control of radioactive substances, articles and equipment. Regulation 27 states that wherever practically possible all radioactive materials should be in the form of a sealed source. These sealed sources must be tested for leaks every two (2) years and records kept. Regulation 28 requires employers to account for all radioactive substances for two (2) years from date of origination or from the date of disposal. Regulation 29 deals with the keeping and moving of radioactive substances. Regulation 30 requires employers to notify the HSE of certain occurrences (i.e. accidental release, loss or theft) and the employer must undertake an investigation to confirm these occurrence or otherwise. This investigation record must be kept for fifty (50) years if such incident never occurred it must be kept for two (2) years. Regulation 31 imposes duties on manufactures, installers and employers in relation to equipment used for medical exposure. Regulation 32 requires employers to investigate any defective medical equipment and keep record of the results for fifty (50) years if overexposure has resulted from undergoing treatment. Regulation 33 deals with the misuse or interference with sources of ionising radiation, which is prohibited. Part 7 Regulations 34 41 deals with the duties of the employees and miscellaneous provisions. Regulation 34 deals with general duties of the employees (employee must not knowingly expose themselves, where PPE is provided employee must take full advantage of said equipment, must take annual medical examination). Regulation 35 deals with the approval of dosimetry services and issues of certificate by HSE. Regulation 36 deals with defence on contraventions i.e. (Regulation 6 advance notice to HSE of intent to commence work with radiation, 7 deals with prior risk assessment if not initially met can be complied with at a later date, 27 prevention of leakage suppliers written assurance that the Regulation is fully complied with. Regulation 37 deals with exemption certificates by HSE if the regulations are not appropriate. Regulation 38 deals with extensions outside Great Britain. Regulation 39 deals with the transition from Ionising Radiation Regulation 1985 to the Ionising Radiation Reg ulation 1999. Regulation 40 and 41 deals with the modification in relation to the Ministry of Defence and revocation and saving. 2.4 TT OSH ACT AMENDED 3 OF 2006 vs. UK IRR 99 When we look at the Occupational Safety and Health Act Amended 3 of 2006 compared to the Ionising Radiation Regulations 1999, you have to understand and interpret the Osh Act when dealing with ionising radiation because you cannot say that it does not have legislation about it. It may not be specific but it is there, being ignorant of the law is not an excuse. On the other hand the IRR 99 spells out the law to you when dealing with work place ionising radiation. The Osh Act 2006 does not specify regulations to deal with work place exposure to ionising radiation, whereas the IRR 99 sets out specific regulations about handling, storing, specific dose limitations for employees (women of child bearing age, persons under 18, etc), procedures to follow (system of work, permit to work), accidental release, contingency plans, designated areas, training, monitoring, engineering controls and redesign features. The Osh Act 2006 requires employers to perform a suitable and sufficient risk assessment to identify all hazards associated with tasks undertaken by employees. The IRR 99 specifies that a suitable and sufficient risk assessment must be done before any work with radiation is to commence. The IRR 99 makes specific requirements for the employer to protect his employees from ionising radiation. The Osh Act 2006 is vague on this issue and the responsibility is left solely on the employer to ensure the safety of his employees against ionising radiation and the best practice in that industry is utilized. CONCLUSION The United Kingdom Ionising Radiation Regulations 1999 contains certain requirements that must be met on: Risk assessments and notifications Dose limitation Control methods of radioactive substances Record-keeping Regulation of work with ionising radiation Safety of articles and equipment Dosimetry and medical surveillance Monitoring of ionizing radiation This Regulation makes reference to the employer, safety representatives, radiation protection advisers and supervisors and the health and safety officers of their roles and responsibilities. Whereas Trinidad and Tobago Occupational Health and Safety Act Amended 3 of 2006 does not specify requirements for work place ionizing radiation. The Act can be interpreted as the employer must take all reasonable practicable steps to ensure safety, health and the welfare of his employees. In accomplishing this, the employer must conduct a suitable and sufficient risk assessment identifying all the hazards that an employee will be exposed to while performing a job or task in his employ. The employer must then reduce these risks associated with said hazards to as low as reasonably practicable. The United Kingdom IRR 99 Legislation was used as a guide to draft an Ionising Radiation Regulation for Trinidad and Tobago, this, as stated before has not yet become Law. The draft Ionising Radiation Regulation will set out: Frame work for emergency preparedness Safety Standards for protection of workers and the general public Road Transport Regulations Use and disposal of radioactive materials Environmental Protection Contaminated land Regulations Measures for safe use of high activity sealed radioactive sources and orphaned sources Due to the increase in the use of radiation sources in the industrial and medical sectors, this Regulation is needed to govern the use of ionising radiation in Trinidad and Tobago. Word Count: 2100 words Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-39702195803593640462020-01-17T19:39:00.001-08:002020-01-17T19:39:02.948-08:00Formative Strictly BallroomTexts represent certain perspectives on belonging which challenge us to understand our own world. This is evident in the film ââ¬Å"Strictly Ballroomâ⬠directed by Baz Luhrmann. The style of the film is ââ¬Å"Red Curtainâ⬠cinema which means conveys the ballroom dancing world is surreal and artificial. This film explores what it means to belong or not belong to a well-defined group. This is presented through the opening sequence by showing how Scott, Fran and Doug donââ¬â¢t belong to the group of ballroom dancers. The director grew up in the world of ballroom competitions.Luhrmannââ¬â¢s purpose was to be able to tell a story in his own particular way, ââ¬Å"telling our own stories in our own way that is what the film is about for meâ⬠. The opening scenes explore aspects of not belonging and no being accepted. The ballroom dancing group demonstrates a veneer of belonging. The group itself is the same in appearance and behaviour but lacks emotional connection wi th other. They value tradition and authority. To belong to this world means sacrificing individual identity. A high angle shot is used to show the dancers competing in the competition, it also show the walls of the room they are dancing in.This represents their confinement to the outside world as well as their conformity because they are all dancing the same steps. We understand that when people conform to a group they become restricted and separated from the rest of the world. The close ups of Barry Fife and the judges sitting above the dancers shows that they have more power. This symbolises that they have authority within the ballroom dancing group and are the people that enforce the tradition of strict rules and regulations.From this we understand that when there is authority and power in a group there are rules to be followed that stop people from having an individual identity. The make-up of the women defines them as belonging to a certain group and symbolises their values, fo r example the women of the ballroom dancing wear bright and over the top coloured make-up. This represents them as being ââ¬Ëfakeââ¬â¢ due to being part of an artificial world. The idea of them all having exaggerated make-up tells us they all belong to the one group. From this we understand that to belong to certain groups you have must conform to their ways.The idea of not belonging is also conveyed in the opening sequence. This is represented through peoplesââ¬â¢ individual choices and the exclusion of those who do not fit in. Scott Hastings is the protagonist in the film and as an individual he chooses not to belong. He chooses to dance his own steps, meaning he doesnââ¬â¢t conform and therefore does not belong. Scott shows rebellion in the first scenes where he challenges the authority by breaking the rules. He does this because he is looking for his own identity away from the group. The close up of Scottââ¬â¢s shoes when he dances show he is about to dance his ow n way.This demonstrates his desire for freedom and individual identity as well as his rebellion against a restrictive type of belonging. This gives us the understanding that when people wish to find their own identity they rebel and makes choices which can lead to exclusion. Scottââ¬â¢s costume is black pants and a white singlet which is what he wears when he dances his own steps. This indicates his difference to the group and the authenticity of his motivation as he attempts to create his own identity. Lighting affects the mood in the film and Scott is often shown in close ups with low key lighting which is more natural.In the scene where he dances in and out of the spotlight indicates his developing sense of independence from the group. Fran and Doug are two other characters who also do not belong to the ballroom dancing group. Fran is excluded because of her different attitudes to the others. Her costume is plain and simple. She wears a long T-shirt and black tights, large gla sses and no make-up. This is contrasted to the other women who wear a lot of bright make-up making them look false whereas Fran appears more natural and this makes her isolated from the group. Doug first appears as a dull man on the outside of the group.However, in these scenes we find out he also dances his own steps in the secrecy of the studio. He dances in the shadow and a single spotlight and quirky music which gives mystery and difference to his dancing. We are positioned to understand that not belonging can be caused by having different attitudes and values or it can be cause voluntary by not conforming to the rules. From the filmââ¬â¢s opening sequence we learn that sometimes to belong to a group you have to lose your individual identity. If you rebel against conformity to a group it can result in isolation. You can also be excluded from a group due to different attitudes and values. Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-40811867784803041782020-01-09T16:01:00.001-08:002020-01-09T16:01:02.494-08:00E Bike Marketing Plan - 3132 Words * EXECUTIVE SUMMARY : This marketing plan examines the launch of a human-electric hybrid bicycle called e-bike by the worldââ¬â¢s largest motorcycle manufacturing company HONDA, in China. We all know that the Global Warming is a serious issue to be addressed. This is the right time to realize the importance of eco-friendly products to save the earth from global warming and its ill effects. Unfortunately the automobile emissions are the second largest contributors for the green house gases. Honda with a vision to become the world leader in environment and energy technologies launches this innovative and futuristic eco-friendly product called e-bike. This zero CO2 emission mobility is certainly a head turner which is stolen from the future,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This boom was triggered by Chinese local governments efforts to restrict motorcycles in city centers to avoid traffic disruption and accidents. By late 2009 motorcycles are banned or restricted in over ninety major Chinese cities. Users began replacing traditional bicycles and motorcycles and, in e-bike became an alternative to commuting by car. * LEGAL AND REGULATORY FORCES - In China electric bikes currently come under the same classification as bicycles and hence dont require a drivers license to operate. Previously it was required that users registered their bike in order to be recovered if stolen, although this has recently been abolished. Due to a recent rise in electric-bicycle-related accidents, caused mostly by inexperienced riders who ride on the wrong side of the road, run red lights, dont use headlights at night etc., the Chinese government plans to change the legal status of illegal bicycles so that vehicles with an unladen weight of 20 kg or more and a top speed of 30kmh or more will require a motorcycle license to operate, while vehicles lighter than 20 kg and slower than 30kmh can be ridden unlicensed. In the southern Chinese cities of Guangzhou, Dongguan and Shenzhen, electric bicycles, like all motorcycles, are banned from certain downtown districts. There are also bans in place in small areas of Shanghai, Hangzhou and Beijing. * SWOT ANALYSIS ââ¬â Strengths â⬠¢ Honda Motor Company, Ltd has the abilityShow MoreRelatedE Bike Marketing Plan3122 Words à |à 13 Pages* EXECUTIVE SUMMARY : This marketing plan examines the launch of a human-electric hybrid bicycle called e-bike by the worldââ¬â¢s largest motorcycle manufacturing company HONDA, in China. We all know that the Global Warming is a serious issue to be addressed. This is the right time to realize the importance of eco-friendly products to save the earth from global warming and its ill effects. Unfortunately the automobile emissions are the second largest contributors for the green house gases. Honda withRead MoreCadbury1549 Words à |à 7 Pagese.) Marketing Strategies: Cadbury Dairy milk is in the mature stage of the product life cycle, the reason being is that it is a well-established product since 1905. The maturity point is generally reached when about half the potential users have adopted the product. Since Cadbury Dairy Milk is Australiaââ¬â¢s favourite chocolate, it is safe to say that there is already consumer trust and loyalty to the brand. However customers still need continued satisfaction and loyalty, built on lower cost, differentiationRead MoreBike Art Company s Marketing Objectives1720 Words à |à 7 PagesBike Art (Art and Furniture Retail company)ââ¬â¢s marketing objectives: to increase the sales to $316,332 and improve the brand image by 5.69%. Performance targets to staff: customer service skills need to be 6.2%, customer complaint rates should be no more than 3.2%, product knowledge test needs to be 10.2%. Art and Furniture Retail companyââ¬â¢s Marketing Plan: Bike Art companyââ¬â¢s product strategies: â⬠¢ Enrich the artistic quality of product â⬠¢ Technical looking pieces or structures â⬠¢ Combine with art â⬠¢ CreativityRead MoreEssay on Harley Davidson-Microeconomics1299 Words à |à 6 Pagesrecreation, military, and law enforcement. They are publicly traded and employee owned satisfying both international and domestic markets targeting all men and women of all ages. Then they have Buell Motorcycle Company that produces American sport bikes and performance street motorcycles. Finally to help support the consumer Harley-Davidson Financial Services offers a variety of financing options with competitive loan rates and terms for qualified customers. Harley-Davidson has come a long way sinceRead MoreMarketing Strategies Of Green Power Products Essay1251 Words à |à 6 Pagesmajority of shopkeepers and other businesses on instalment plan. Not only it will help in pushing the Green power products in the market rather it will act as marketing strategy. To: Peter.m@greenpower.com Peter Matthews (CEO of Green Power) From: Handa@greenpower.comSukhvinder S Handa (Supervisor) Dear Sir, I am writing this in regards to redesigning the marketing strategies of Green Power. As our power products, such as, Green Bike and Green Light are solely for domestic use, it is crucialRead MoreThe Digital Channel: Consumer Buying Behavior and Experience1571 Words à |à 6 Pagesin control. Before Ebay was launched in 1995, shopping online was unpopular but a few months after launch, consumers and businesses alike started feeling more comfortable with the idea of buying and selling products. Ebay, is a prime example of how e-commerce has helped the spread of globalization. Before the dawn of internet shopping, getting products internationally were impossible unless a local distributor had a direct relationship with an international vendor. Today, I have the power to orderRead MoreThe Competitive Forces Of The Motorcycle Industry968 Words à |à 4 Pagesniche segments of the cruiser bikes like High CC bikes, and the HOGs, involves Harley owners from different parts of the country to interact, and experience the different life styles put on by Harley-Davidsonââ¬â¢s bike rallies. It has promoting strategies, and stigmatizing of high consumer pull by having a high TOMA Score (Top of the mind awareness score). Harley Davidson has recently introduced the five-hundred CC Street bike, and seven-hundred-fifty CC Street bike in order to solve the aging problemRead MoreInternet Tools and Technology: An Advantage for the Employee Communication of Dirty Bikes Company1348 Words à |à 5 Pagesrelationship with the customers of their product and the suppliers. As the global trend of shopping is changing, Internet is now a big market for commodities (K. Lauden J. Lauden, 2011). Dirty Bikes Company can be able to get product orders and supply the consumers through the internet. The utilization of e-commerce will largely cut communication cost of the company and increase sales. The employees of the company will be able to participate in online provision of goods as they have an internet connectionRead MoreInternational Electric Bicycle Production Of Taiwan And Mainland China1606 Words à |à 7 Pagesmanufacturing Electric Bikes, E-Bike Kits, E-Bike Parts, Lithium Battery with outstanding sale performance since 2012. With high capacity of production, experience dealing with European market (50% of companyââ¬â¢s transaction were from Western Europe), the supplier is a reliable partner for our transaction. The manufacturer has developed multiple lines of electric bikes and each has many models for our consideration. In order to serve as many customers as possible, our marketing team has discussed andRead More harley davidson Essay1426 Words à |à 6 Pages on some class,quot; reads one (not necessarily official) Harley-Davidson T-shirt that I saw in some of the pictures while I e-shopping on EBay!. I want to show with my presentation a little taste of harleyââ¬â¢s communication systems with the public, their investment in Media is amazing and the strategies used are well combined with todayââ¬â¢s technology of advertising and marketing directed to all customer around the world. Harley-Davidson is the only major US maker of motorcycles and the worlds No.1 Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-89376604723410414482020-01-01T12:26:00.001-08:002020-01-01T12:26:03.079-08:00Fidelity Is Not A Sense Of Fidelity - 2126 Words Fidelity is faithfulness to a person, cause or belief demonstrated by continuing loyalty and support. It seems that we as humans strive to obtain a sense of fidelity, yet they cannot when it comes to their relationships with others. Individuals are incapable of remaining committed in relationships. This has been proven through not only psychological research, but in literature as well. In the scholarly articles from Psychology Today, it states that Americans seem to value the idea of fidelity and faithfulness, but have a hard time achieving it. The researchers believe that individuals suffer from marital myths, that in turn can cause a partner to commit acts of adultery. This happened directly with the character John from The Millerââ¬â¢sâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦They find a different outlet for their need. Humans cannot seem to find happiness with only one person, they stray off showing that they cant be loyal or committed to anything in life. Temptation was also a resoundin g reason throughout the article. Individuals see someone else, who they may see as a challenge or simply someone who draws their attention, and lack of better judgement kicks in. ââ¬Å"â⬠¦Many of us are tempted by the delights of the new, especially those of the sexual variety.â⬠People become unsatisfied and indulge in pleasure with a new partner. According to the researchers, individuals seem to be incapable of following through to the promises they made to their significant other. The vow of for better or for worse seems to be forgotten because they cannot commit to the meaning behind those words. They contradict themselves, they say they love their partner, but are unfaithful behind their back. But sometimes infidelity can root in simply just not being happy with who you are with anymore. They just don t make you feel the way you felt when you had first gotten together. The relationship is no longer enjoyable and becomes a burden. Essentially, individuals are susceptib le to cheat, and sometimes the temptation and curiosity becomes too overwhelming to fight. Many of these ideas are Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-20710508903233877562019-12-24T08:11:00.001-08:002019-12-24T08:11:03.938-08:00Practical Book Review Final Draft - 1348 Words Practical Book Review Petersen Text 201440 Fall 2014 HSCO 508-D35 LUO Zakiya N Walters Practical Book Review Why Donââ¬â¢t We Listen Better? Summarize Why Donââ¬â¢t We Listen Better? is a book that I initially did not think I would enjoy reading or learn from. Contrarily, I have learned more about myself than I could have ever imagined. To begin, to summarize the book was a bit difficult because there were so many interesting and important aspects. It was not an easy task to decide what to add and what to omit. James Petersen sought out to explore and dissect communication and understanding within different types and levels of relationships. Petersen described the Flat Brain Theory of Emotions as a theory that describesâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦What I realized from this book was that emotions and communication go hand in hand. Another issue that I will mention would be controlling my emotions in a conversation. If I feel a certain way about a conversation, it is very obvious. I have a hard time with hiding my emotions. Many say that I wear my emotions on my sleeve. However on the other hand emotions can also be an asset to communication as it helps to show others your passion and true interest in a subject matter that you are well versed on. Another aspect of communication that many do not recognize as a barrier to communication is judgment. If you think about it, a person is standing there, engaging you in a conversation and all you can think about are the ways that the person lives their life. That could also be considered as internal noise. Your thoughts and judgmental feelings can hinder you from listening. I do believe that a personââ¬â¢s lifestyle dictates the way he or she behaves and makes decisions. However, that is not an excuse to have a biased opinion and let your thoughts of this person cloud the message or information that he or she is trying to relay. I will be honest, I have been in that position. I was in a church service and I could not focus and did not hear the word because of what the Pastor had said previously. I repeatedly asked God to forgive me. The problem was that in one the services, the pastor began toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Cmi 50011128 Words à |à 5 Pagesmust reference any sou rces you have used to complete this assignment listing reference journals, books, web sites. Your assignment must include a reference list and bibliography. Your assignment should be saved in the format: your name followed by the unit number followed by ââ¬Ëdraftââ¬â¢ if it is a draft or ââ¬Ëfinalââ¬â¢ if it is your final submission, for example: john smith 5001 draft. You may submit a draft of your assignment once in order to receive some initial feedback from your tutor. You must submitRead MoreStudy Guide1489 Words à |à 6 Pagescommunicating clearly, precisely and persuasively. MAJOR INSTRUCTIONAL AREAS 1. Writing Process A. Paragraph and essay structure and function B. C. Reflection and prewriting Outlining D. Audience and purpose E. F. Evaluation techniquesââ¬âself-review and peer review Self and peer editing and proofreading symbols G. Transition and flow H. Organization I. J. K. Drafting and revising Purpose of the introduction, body, and conclusion Presenting written ideas visually and orally 2. Rhetorical StrategiesRead MoreCompetency 9 Of Teaching Adolescent Writers908 Words à |à 4 Pagesmethods is taking an interesting, universal experience, such as eating at a restaurant, and asking students to write about it. Gallagher has his students write restaurant and movie reviews. He allows students to write these without any instruction starting out. After writing a first draft, he has students read a professional review to help better their writing. He does not show his students the model to begin with, but instead comes back after they have written to dissect the writing together. This allowsRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Approaches Of Implementing A Writer s Workshop Of The Classroom Segments And Instructional Approaches757 Words à |à 4 Pagesnoticed in the implementation of mini lesson. The book points out that during a mini lesson a teacher provides guided practice using the strategy or skill, and after that the revision of that strategy or skill takes place. The teacher from the video clip guides her students explaining not only the strategy on how to write this type of a poetic form, but she also leads a vocabulary brainstorm to help them write their own poems. She also does not review and/or summarize the main points of the strategyRead Moreproject topic proposal15745 Words à |à 63 PagesStatements/ Research Questions 20 THE LITERATURE REVIEW 22 Suggestions for Writing the Literature Review 24 Basic Requirements of the Literature Review 26 DATA COLLECTION PLAN: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS 29 Rationale 30 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation 31 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 34 RESEARCHERââ¬â¢S PERSONAL REFLECTIONS 36 APPLIED RESEARCH PROJECT PROPOSAL REPORT FORMAT AND STYLE 37 Final Packaging of the Project 43 Sample TitleRead MoreHealth Informatics5927 Words à |à 24 PagesTHE COLLEGE OF ST. SCHOLASTICA Duluth, Minnesota Department of Healthcare Informatics and Information Management GRADUATE PROGRAM [pic] FINAL APPLIED PROJECT GUIDEBOOK Prepared by: Shirley Eichenwald Maki, MBA, RHIA, CPHIMS Assistant Professor, Healthcare Informatics and Information Management seichenw@css.edu Updated August 2006 CONTENTS Introduction Section One: The Project Proposal Note: This content is especially associated withRead MoreCtlls Unit 3 Principles and Practice of Assessment833 Words à |à 4 PagesCTLLS Unit 3 Principles and practice of assessment My methodology for writing this essay is so that I can gain my Ctlls qualification and support my own teaching practices. In my research for this assignment I have used books, the Internet for various websites and my notes from the lessons, as well as my own experience from teaching. Assessment is used so that I can check that learning has taken place and to what extent. I use assessment at all stages of the learning process in line with organizationalRead MoreBriefing Paper2127 Words à |à 9 PagesPage 3 5. What I think my focus might be Page 4 6. What arguments I think I might want to make Page 4 7. What specific information I might need to construct my arguments Page 4 8. Which journals and books will I use Page 5 9. The structure of the final paper Page 5 10. The preliminary introduction Page 5 11. Summary of the briefing paper Page 6 12. ACTION PLAN, in table format, for the whole Assessment of the module. Page 7 13. References Read MoreEssay about Stephen Crane and The Civil War895 Words à |à 4 PagesCraneââ¬â¢s interests in the Battle of Chancellorsville stemmed from his hometown influences in Port Jervis.à Many of the men who witnessed the events that occurred on this battlefield came from this town and served as sources of inspiration for Craneââ¬â¢s final draft (website).à Despite his evident utilization of these sources, Crane purposefully failed to mention the actual battle in his publication of The Red Badge of Courage.à As a novel that aspired to be a psychological portrayal of fear, neglecting theRead MoreTaking One More Step Towards Managing the Threats from Cloud Storage1045 Words à |à 5 Pagesof assignments in class on Dante is much greater. I completed a writing assignment named ââ¬Å"Topic and Bibliography â⬠and three analyses which study the significance of geological sites, an article in the Cambridge Companion to Dante, and peer draft of the fi nal paper separately. The experiences which I earned in the writing class greatly assist me to learn about the basic steps for analysis and finish the assignments in order. However, I have felt the experiences is not enough. The writing class for Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-70205822554877119202019-12-16T04:41:00.001-08:002019-12-16T04:41:03.961-08:00Why I do it Free Essays It was a freezing cold morning in Farnham. I thought to myself ââ¬ËWhy am I out of bed at this time on a Saturday morning?ââ¬â¢ My question was answered merely two minutes later as I managed the trick which I have been trying for the last week, a ââ¬Ëtopside sunny day.ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËNice man, nice,ââ¬â¢ was the call from the bench as I looked over at my friend Mark who was giving me the thumbs-up as I came swiftly out of the trick. We will write a custom essay sample on Why I do it or any similar topic only for you Order Now I skated over to the bench lazily and took a seat next to Sam, Mark and Henri. ââ¬ËWhat time is the comp tomorrow?ââ¬â¢ I asked them. ââ¬ËNine am bright and early,ââ¬â¢ replied Sam whilst getting up to skate over to the grindbox and attempt another amazing trick. ââ¬ËI know I need practice for the competition but skating at eight oââ¬â¢clock on a Saturday morning in the freezing cold is a bit too much,ââ¬â¢ I moaned as I put on another jumper. ââ¬ËYou wanna go street for a bit?ââ¬â¢ asked Mark as he took off his skate and started fiddling with the laces. ââ¬ËWhere are we gonna go? The sixth form college is too far, weââ¬â¢re not allowed in Lidls and Redgrave rail is still wet from that rain during the night,ââ¬â¢ I complained. As I said this I was mostly thinking of my stomach, as I hadnââ¬â¢t any breakfast yet. ââ¬ËYou fancy going to Wimpy?ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËIââ¬â¢m still banned,ââ¬â¢ said Sam almost proudly as he glided back to the bench having just done a perfect ââ¬Ëtopsoul.ââ¬â¢ Henri was being strangely quiet and he suddenly stood up, picked up his bag and said ââ¬Ëwell you can wait outside then.ââ¬â¢ Mark stood up sharply ââ¬Ëas long as I can get some hot food Iââ¬â¢m not bothered where it is.ââ¬â¢ On the way to Wimpy I thought constantly of the upcoming competition that was getting ever closer. As I imagined what it would be like to have about thirty or forty people stare at me for ten minutes butterflies suddenly came to my stomach and made me feel nervous and uncomfortable. I gripped my bag a little tighter with my freezing fingers and wished I had had the sense to bring the gloves I bought the day before. As I entered Wimpy I could feel the warmth of the deep-fat fryers and hear the voices of the Turkish men who worked there. We took a seat in the smoking section and looked at the menu. ââ¬ËMan I hate being able to see pictures of the food on the menu. It just makes it look pathetic when it arrives because it never looks the same,ââ¬â¢ said Mark miserably. ââ¬ËJust decide what you want and order Iââ¬â¢m starving,ââ¬â¢ I told him as I had already decided on a large Wimpy breakfast consisting of sausage, bacon, eggs, tomatoes, beans and toast. ââ¬ËCan you add a toasted teacake to that?ââ¬â¢ I asked the waiter as I gave my order. I wolfed down the breakfast, even though I donââ¬â¢t like tomatoes, and lit a cigarette. ââ¬ËIs anyone else nervous about the competition tomorrow?ââ¬â¢ I asked trying to hide the fact that I still had butterflies in my stomach despite having finished my breakfast. ââ¬ËNo itââ¬â¢s not big deal just think of it as another game of IYMTA. Itââ¬â¢s only really us, Ben, Carl and James that are entering anyway so thereââ¬â¢s not a lot of competition.ââ¬â¢ As Mark said this he was lazily puffing on a cigarette and leaning back on his chair. IMYTA is a game that we play where we skate against each other. It stands for I Match Your Trick Association. It is an annual competition involving professional skaters from around the world where one person does a trick and then everyone else has to do the same trick or they are given a letter. When you have all five letters you are out of the game. We played this regularly and hearing Mark put it like that I felt more relaxed about the competition. ââ¬ËYeah I guess,ââ¬â¢ I replied as I leant back on my chair feeling relaxed for the first time since I heard about the competition. ââ¬ËIââ¬â¢ m off home to get some sleep, I might come out later on,ââ¬â¢ I said as I left the restaurant. I skated to the bus stop feeling good and made it just in time to catch the 9:40 bus. When I arrived home I went straight upstairs, undressed and fell into bed. I fell asleep almost instantly as I hadnââ¬â¢t had any sleep the previous night and was still tired from school on Friday. I dreamt of the competition. It was a warm, sunny day and it had just started. I smiled as I dropped in on the big ramp to go for my first big trick. I jumped, and as I was flying through the air I grabbed my feet and pulled them behind me then released them and landed perfectly to go up the other ramp and do a perfect 540 degree spin. The crowd was cheering and the judges were going wild. I skated round the entire park and did a 900-degree spin on the biggest ramp. I was about 9 feet in the air and I leant forward too much. My front wheels hit the ramp and I landed on my face. It hurt so much. I heard an ambulance somewhere in the distance but it was distorted somehow. It sounded more and more like a phone ringing. ââ¬ËIan. Ian wake up you have a phone call!ââ¬â¢ I woke with a start. My heart leapt. It was a dream I realized. I stood up and put on my dressing gown trying to tell myself it was just a dream and that that wouldnââ¬â¢t happen. My stomach had butterflies again. I took the phone from my mum. ââ¬ËHello?ââ¬â¢ I said groggily. ââ¬ËWhat are you still doing in bed? The competition is half an hour away!ââ¬â¢ said Mark urgently. ââ¬ËWhat?! Itââ¬â¢s tomorrow stop joking around,ââ¬â¢ I said as I checked my watch. 3Sun it said. Oh my God I thought. I slept right through. ââ¬ËI will be there donââ¬â¢t worry,ââ¬â¢ I mumbled quickly and hung up. I ran upstairs, threw my clothes on and picked my bag up. I half-fell down the stairs in my haste and put my skates on. As I flew down the hill towards Farnham skatepark I had the feeling I had forgotten something important. It was as cold as the previous day but I had no time to be cold. I skated faster. I arrived at the skatepark five minutes later out of breath and threw my bag down. ââ¬ËWhere have you been?ââ¬â¢ asked Sam. ââ¬ËIn bed,ââ¬â¢ I answered quickly and I went straight to the biggest ramp and started warming up. I was skating quite well, I managed to spin a 540 and land but then I tried to ââ¬ËTruespin topside pornstarââ¬â¢ and my feet missed the right spot and before I knew what happened I was lying on the floor. I got straight back up and thought to myself ââ¬Ëthis is not going to beat me.ââ¬â¢ I skated hard for another 15 minutes before the announcer had finished setting up his equipment and announced that the competition was about to start. It was the BMXââ¬â¢S category first so I had a twenty-minute break before I had to skate again. I rolled lazily over to the bench where my friends were sitting, sat down and lit a cigarette. ââ¬ËWhy do they have to have a BMXers competition anyway?ââ¬â¢ asked Mark indignantly. ââ¬ËThereââ¬â¢s only five of them.ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËBecause it gives us something to laugh at,ââ¬â¢ retorted Henri. I couldnââ¬â¢t join in their jokes and laughter. I was too busy thinking about the trick I had been working on for two weeks. A bio flip. To do it I had to do sort of a front flip but instead of going over my head and landing forwards, I had to throw myself over my right shoulder and land backwards. I had only tried it twice and never landed it. None of the others knew I had been trying it or that I even planned to attempt it. The BMX competition was cut short because of an injury and the announcer told all the rollerbladers to make their way to the ramps. I hastily threw my cigarette to the floor and skated up the ramp. As I stood at the top of the ramp I looked around at the people in the crowd. There were so many. ââ¬ËYou have 15 minutes,ââ¬â¢ came the voice over the speaker. ââ¬ËGo!ââ¬â¢ I jumped into the ramp and immediately went into a four foot high ââ¬Ëmute grabââ¬â¢ over the funbox and neatly stalled on the other ramp. My heart jumped as I went back down the ramp backwards and did a 360 spin over the funbox. I was skating better than I had skated in a long time and I had a moment where my butterflies and doubts had gone and I was just confident. This was it. I dropped in on the smaller ramp and did a 180 spin over the funbox so I could go backwards into the trick. I could see a photographer in the front of the crowd aim his camera at me. I went up the ramp backwards and threw myself as hard as I could over my shoulder. For a second it was like time stood still. I had pulled my legs in so that I was like a ball in the air. I brought my legs back round so I could land near the bottom of the ramp. Suddenly it felt like I was going to spin too much and land on my knees. But somehow I managed to lean back a tiny bit and land on my feet and roll away. The crowd were shouting and the photographer was going mad. I could hear the announcer shouting ââ¬ËHeââ¬â¢s done it, heââ¬â¢s done it.ââ¬â¢ Mark and the others had stopped skating to watch my bio flip but Mark had come over and shook my hand and said ââ¬Ënice one.ââ¬â¢ The others were standing with their mouths open as if they had never seen a bio flip before. Henri skated up to me and said ââ¬ËI never thought you would do that.ââ¬â¢ It suddenly occurred to me as the speakers told me that I had come first that this is why I do it. How to cite Why I do it, Papers Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-3792375378634316302019-12-08T01:24:00.001-08:002019-12-08T01:24:02.901-08:00Poetry Analysis of Common Grounds Essay Example For Students Poetry Analysis of Common Grounds Essay It seemed somewhat difficult to read through a poem and try to get how a poem got a tone from its diction and imagery. It sounded easy to think about, but the hard part got to be articulating how it worked and what made me actually feel a certain way over a poem. For that battle, I read Common Ground by Judith Rotor Coffer. At first, I read the title and thought itd be something for pro-equality and how people are essentially created equal. By the second stanza, with the line, when I look In the mirror I see my grandmothers stern lips, it was clear that it wasnt a poem about Ewing created equal, but about how people do share that common ground with people they may not have wanted to grow up like. The title Common Ground clearly Indicates that there Is a common bond between people. The deeper meaning would be that people are all connected by their blood and their family ties, and the purpose of this poem is to express that for the reader. Theres a saying that we all end up like our parents, and that its unavoidable, and I think this poem goes along with that saying. The first stanza gives out a general Idea that all of our blood keeps us mumping; Its the reason why we live and why we have a story to tell or parents to grow up after. We all have bones that speak in the language of death because we are all eventually going to decay. All of our flesh thins with age and becomes wrinkled. Then Coffer does something strange and mentions, through your pores rises the stuff of your origin. Our origins are whats Inside of us, and eventually It Is all going to come back out, and its going to be the same with everybody. The second stanza narrows down the authors meaning to her own experiences. She now has her randomnesss mouth, that speaks of pain and deprivation that she has never herself known. While both stanzas have a calmer and more serious tone, I think the second one Is what really makes the reader think and creates a darker atmosphere, because it ends with the lines, like arrows pointing downward to our common ground, which indicates that we are all going to eventually die, and we will all go through that, no matter what. This poem definitely makes me feel connected, especially In the first stanza, with the common ground that I already see In myself tit my grandparents. The tone, as I already said, is more serious and almost dark. I get the mental image of an aging woman in front of the mirror, pulling and poking at her face and wondering who gave her what gene, and whether or not she approves of It. I cant really tell If the speaker Is angry about these common grounds or Just upset, but she does sound somewhat content with knowing whats ahead in her future. That imagery works with the diction to create that gray-Sis tone. Words and phrases like arching in disdain and speaking In parenthesis at the corners of my out of pain and deprivation Just sound depressing and dont create a very positive mood for aging. Common Ground definitely is a gloomy sounding poem that reminds the reader of what we have to look forward to, and how a lot of people take it more negatively than others. Some people welcome growing older and embrace these common grounds, and other people sit In front of the mirror and try to figure out how It happened. Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-938571428023806592019-11-30T13:05:00.001-08:002019-11-30T13:05:03.308-08:00Invention that has influenced Modern Society free essay sample Thanks! Choose one invention or discovery that has significantly influenced modern society. Show either the positive and/or negative Influence of this invention or discovery. Our world has experienced many changes within the last century, and one of the ost influential changes Is the Invention of the cellphone. The cellphone has completely changed the way we communicate, as well as the speed, convenience, and quality of our communication. The cell phone has made communication more convenient than ever before. If we find ourselves in a bind. like maybe our car breaks down. we can simply pick up our cell and call a friend or tow truck. If were on the road. away from a telephone directory, we can call the operator and they can connect us to whoever we want. Along with Improving the convenience of our communication, cell phones have made ommunication move taster and taster. I can call you tell you something, and you can call a friend, and that friend can call another friend all within an incredibly small time frame. We will write a custom essay sample on Invention that has influenced Modern Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page News that would have once taken several hours (or days) to travel, now travels within a matter of minutes Because news travels so fast, the result is that everyone Is so much more connected than they were In the past. Cells phones have created a network of human beings, and that network Is a living and vibrant thing. In the past, networks of people were imited, because it took lots of time and effort to spread news. Now, because of the speed and ease of communication, networks are allowed to grow much larger and complex. These three improvements in communication (convenience, speed, and greater Of2 communication. I believe that because communication is so easy nowadays, people take less time to think about what theyre saying. An accurately conveyed message is less valuable, because people take communication for granted. People think that if a mistake is made, it can quickly be fixed with another phone call. This is inefficient! You should always strive to communicated clearly and accurately the very FIRST time. Just because its relatively easy to make another call and fix a miscommunication, doesnt mean its acceptable to do that! Modern society will never be the same as it once was. The invention of the cellphone has changed society by giving the human race the amazing power of communication. We must recognize this power, and the responsibilities that come with it. Indeed, the cell phone is an great invention that has changed the convenience, speed, and efficiency of our modern day communication Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-51287049453012534152019-11-26T04:46:00.001-08:002019-11-26T04:46:04.977-08:00Enhance the photocatalytic ability Essay ExampleEnhance the photocatalytic ability Essay Example Enhance the photocatalytic ability Essay Enhance the photocatalytic ability Essay Abstraction The purpose of this undertaking is to heighten the photocatalytic ability of TiO2 by integrating an inorganic dye ( Ru ( bpy ) 32+ ) with strong seeable light soaking up belongingss into it. This should promote more hydroxyl groups to organize, get the better ofing one of the major disadvantages of TiO2, its inability to absorb in the seeable part. TiO2 and TiO2-Ru ( bpy ) 32+ were synthesised via the sol gel procedure. The burdens included 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 % Ru ( bpy ) 32+ . The samples were calcined to 400, 600 and 800 A ; deg ; C. Characterisation of these samples was carried out utilizing the differential scanning calorimeter, x-ray diffraction, Raman, IR and emanation spectrometry. The DSC reported Ru debasement at 450 A ; deg ; C and showed that the dye was holding no consequence on crystal growing below 500 A ; deg ; C. XRD found that 100 % anatase had formed at both 400 and 600 A ; deg ; C and pure rutile was present at 800 A ; deg ; C. Its highlighted that at 700 A ; deg ; C, the anatase to rutile transmutation was speed uping by the increasing sums of Ru ( bpy ) 32+ being added. At 0, 0.1 and 0.5 % the % rutile nowadays was 11.1, 32.2 and 91.2 % severally. Raman analysis was carried out at two optical maser lines, 514.5 and 785 nanometer. The consequences reported at 514.5 nanometers identified the signifier of TiO2 at each calcination temp, which correlated the XRD consequences. The optical maser line at 785 nanometer was aimed at happening Ru extremums. The trouble here was the high fluorescence belongingss, low burdens and high possibility of combustion of the Ru composite. A extremum at 1360 cm-1 was found, nevertheless there is no literature available about the signifier of Ru ( bpy ) 32+ at these calcination temperatures, intending peak assignment was hard. Poor sample readying meant IR consequences were inconclusive and no information could be obtained from it. Diffuse optical density spectrometry calculated the set spread energy of TiO2 at 400, 600 and 800 A ; deg ; C to be 3.2, 3.2 and 3.0 electron volt severally. These values are consistent with the literature. Emission spectrometry was carried out between two scopes 360-600 nm and 480-800 nanometer to let analysis of both TiO2 and Ru ( bpy ) 32+ severally. The emanation spectrum of TiO2 reported a 22 nm displacement towards the seeable light part when TiO2 by itself and TiO2-2.0 % Ru ( bpy ) 32+ were compared at 600 A ; deg ; C. The technique, clip correlated individual photon numeration was used to measure the effects of temperature and the TiO2 environment on the life-time of the Ru stuff. Unheated Ru ( bpy ) 32+ had a long life-time of 557.8 Ns, which decreased to 1.5 Ns when the sample was heated to 400 A ; deg ; C. This important lessening suggests an aroused province negatron is traveling from the Ru ( bpy ) 32+ to the conductivity set of TiO2, therefore photosensitisation is happening. In look intoing the possibility that the stuffs synthesised may hold environmental redress belongingss, photocatalysis was set up. The sample was kept covered with a blue filter which ensured merely seeable light above 420 nanometers would make the sample. The mention, organic pollutant methylene blue degraded at 0.0001 min-1. The photocatalytic analysis of pure anatase showed a little betterment of 0.0002 min-1 under seeable visible radiation. A important betterment to 0.0015 min-1 in the rate of debasement seen at 0.5 % Ru ( bpy ) 32+ emphasised that at higher burdens more hydroxyl groups are produced doing the TiO2-Ru ( bpy ) 32+ stuffs a good campaigner for environmental redress. At 700 A ; deg ; C the acceleration of the anatase to rutile transmutation with increased concentrations of the dye is important. It shows that the Ru composite at this temperature was holding an consequence on the crystal growing of the nanocrystalline stuff. Besides the betterment in the photocatalytic ability of TiO2 when Ru ( bpy ) 32+ was added is of import as it ensures that the sample is now absorbing seeable visible radiation, doing it to bring forth more hydroxyl groups. Novel Photocatalytic Materials for Self- Cleaning Surfaces, 2010 Chapter 1: Introduction Novel Photocatalytic Materials for Self- Cleaning Surfaces, 2010 1. Introduction 1.1 Photocatalysis Photocatalysis is the soaking up of visible radiation by a stuff which consequences in the formation of hydroxyl groups ( A ; bull ; HO ) . ( 1 ) Depending on how efficient the production of these hydroxyl groups is will find how effectual the composite is in environmental redress. Hydroxyl groups are the most aggressive species generated in H2O with an oxidization valve of 2.80 V. ( 2 ) They attack most organic pollutants found in the atmosphere i.e. NOx and CH4. ( 3 ) This undertaking is based on the photocatalytic ability of TiO2, a semiconducting material with a UV visible radiation soaking up cut off at 390 nanometers. The set construction of a stuff is of import in measuring whether it is a good photocatalyst as it determines the light soaking up wavelength of the compound. Figure 1.1 illustrates this point good. TiO2 is an first-class photocatalyst as it remains stable even when it is photoexcited. ( 2 ) It is the anatase signifier of TiO2 that is best for photocatalysis, with a much stronger cut downing power than rutile as the CB is closer to the negative place. ( 2 ) TiO2 is already a proved success in many commercial merchandises such as ego cleansing glass, ( 4 ) anti fogging ( 5 ) and self cleaning surfaces ( 6 ) in infirmaries. By modifying TiO2 with a composite that has a strong seeable light soaking up it is possible that the photocatalytic ability will be improved. If successful more hydroxyl groups will be produced, therefore more organic pollutants will be degraded under normal seeable visible radiation. 1.2 Titanium dioxide TiO2 is found in nature in three polymorphous signifiers anatase, rutile and brookite. Brookite is rather rare and hard to fix hence the anatase ( 3.2 electron volt ) and rutile ( 3.0 electron volt ) signifiers are most common. ( 5 ) TiO2 has a d0 negatron constellation which explains its white visual aspect and inability to absorb seeable visible radiation. The set spread energy of a semiconducting material is of import as it a ) determines the optical soaking up of the stuff and B ) high spots issues that may originate due to recombination. ( 2 ) It is seen that at 3.0 and 3.2 electron volts TiO2 can merely absorb UV visible radiation. Merely 3-5 % of the solar spectrum making the Earth is UV visible radiation restricting the photocatalytic ability of TiO2 instantly. ( 8 ) Besides the rutile signifier has a disadvantage in that it has a higher recombination rate than that of anatase. Figure 1.2 high spots the ability of TiO2 to partake in environmental redress. The soaking up of a photon of light below 390 nm promotes and negatron from the valency set to the conductivity set go forthing an negatron deficient ( h+ ) at the valency set. An oxidization reaction is promoted here. The excess negatron now present in the conductivity set of TiO2 encourages a decrease reaction. ( 9 ) Ohio groups are being produced at each set and it is the concentration/efficiency in the production of these that will make up ones mind whether environmental redress is an option or non. Unfortunately, the efficiency of TiO2 in hydroxyl extremist production exists merely in the UV part. Therefore unmodified TiO2 has a limited consequence on environmental redress. 1.3 TiO2-Ru ( bpy ) 32+ In the past TiO2 has been modified with Ag, ( 8 ) Fe, ( 10 ) and N. ( 11 ) Each dopant was found to impact some belongings of the nanocrystalline stuff. Seery et al described how TiO2-Ag improved both the photocatalytic public presentation of TiO2 and enhanced its anti bacterial effects. The Ag atoms acted as a trap for the CB negatrons leting the efficiency of hydroxyl extremist production to be increased. ( 8 ) Fe, a group 8 component was found to speed up the anatase to rutile transmutation. and nitrogen doping resulted in an active wavelength scope below 520 nanometers, significant in leting TiO2 to organize hydroxyl groups under seeable visible radiation. This undertaking proposes that modifying TiO2 with an inorganic dye which has a strong seeable light soaking up may excessively help photocatalytic activity in the seeable part. Therefore the complex tris ( 2,2-bipyridyl ) dichloro-ruthenium ( II ) hexahydrate ( 12 ) with an soaking up of 450 nanometer was suggested.8 The construction of the dye is three bidentate bipyridine ligands attached to a Ru metal composite. It is hoped that the rule behind Gratzel s dye sensitised solar cells can be imitated slightly so that dyesensitisation occurs between the TiO2 substrate and the inorganic dye. The dye must absorb seeable visible radiation, promote an negatron to the aroused province and reassign the aroused negatron to the CB of TiO2 where decrease reactions occur, bring forthing hydroxyl groups. Ru ( bpy ) 32+ a d6 metal ion has an intense MLCT which has the possible to advance charge injection processes to the conductivity set of broad set spread semi music directors like TiO2, SnO2 and ZnO. ( 13 ) ( Figure 1.3 ) If successful TiO2-Ru ( bpy ) 32+ can be developed in environmental redress as the more hydroxyl groups produced the more of the organic pollutant that is degraded. In Ireland the chief green house gas is methane. ( 14 ) The pollutant produced mostly in agribusiness has a OH sink. If TiO2-Ru ( bpy ) 32+ proves a success, Ireland s part to green house gases can be significantly decreased by merely fixing pigments integrating the TiO2-Ru ( bpy ) 32+ stuffs. ( Figure 1.4 ) These pigments may so be painted onto the outside of sheds on farms and even onto farm machinery in a command to see a lessening in Ireland s agribusiness methane concentration. A technique similar to this by a company called Pilkington was a immense success where they produced thin movies and coated them onto the sides of glass edifices where they degraded soil etc. ( 6 ) In other words the glass was self maintained. ( Figure 1.5 ) 1.4 Synthesis via colloidal suspension gel procedure A simple wet chemical technique illustrated below in figure 1.6. The method was used by Seery et Al in modifying TiO2 with Ag. ( 8 ) It enables unvarying scattering of atoms in a gel. Acetic acid was used to give the connection molecules strength as it ensures strong adhering between Ti-O. The precursor TTIP enables TiO2 formation and H2O makes it a liquid gel. 1.5 Purposes The overall purpose of this undertaking is to heighten the seeable light activity of TiO2. By adding Ru ( bpy ) 32+ into the semiconducting material, synthesizing it via the sol gel procedure a displacement in photocatalytic activity from the UV to the seeable part is predicted, similar to that seen in N and Ag doped systems. The intent of this is to enable the semiconducting material to breakdown organic pollutants both indoors and out-of-doorss by holding the ability to map under seeable visible radiation. The undertaking has three subdivisions synthesis, word picture and photocatalysis. The synthesis of TiO2 modified with Ru ( bpy ) 32+ was done utilizing the sol-gel procedure. This is a simple, yet effectual technique to integrate the dye into TiO2. Characterizing the prepared TiO2 samples is of import as this is the first effort at utilizing this combination via a sol gel procedure. Techniques such as XRD and Raman will place the nature of TiO2, UV/vis and emanation spectrometry will assist find the set spread energies of the samples and will guarantee that the presence of the other ingredient is non impacting their characteristic emanation values. The photocatalytic ability of the prepared samples must besides be investigated ; and will reflect if the sample s debasement rate has improved under seeable visible radiation. A photocatalysis workstation must be set up to include a 60 W lamp, stirring equipment and a composition board box, the organic pollutant impersonator methylene blue is to be used as it is in stock. A bluish filter is a important add-on as it suf ficiently ensures merely light above 420 nm reaches the sample. TCSPC evaluates by what procedure the organic debasement may happen i.e. if dyesensitisation is happening a decrease in the life-time will happen between modified and unmodified TiO2. If an betterment is found the stuff may be so suggested as a possible campaigner for future environmental redress techniques. Chapter 2: Experimental 2. Experimental 2.1 Materials Titanium ( IV ) isopropoxide ( 97 % ) , acetic acid ( 99.8 % ) and tris ( 2,2bipyridy ) dichloro Ru ( II ) hexahydrate [ Ru ( bpy ) 32+ ] pulverization were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Methylene blue was obtained from Gurrs Co. All chemicals used as received. Distilled H2O was used in all phases of synthesis, word picture and photocatalysis. 2.2 Synthesis 2.2.1 Preparation of TiO2 The synthesis was carried out in the fume goon as it contained acetic acid. Acetic acid ( 48 milliliter ) was placed in a big beaker and set stirring. Titanium ( IV ) isopropoxide ( 25 milliliter ) was added into the solution dropwise organizing a thick gel. A glass stirring rod was used to blend the gel until stirring saloon was free to travel once more. Distilled H2O ( 150 milliliter ) was added to the solution dropwise, leting a clear syrupy solution to organize. The solution was left stirring for an hr and placed in an oven overnight at 100 A ; deg ; C. 2.2.2 Preparation of TiO2 Ru ( bpy ) 32+ The synthesis was carried out in the fume goon as it contained acetic acid. Acetic acid ( 48 milliliter ) was placed in a big beaker and set stirring. Pre-weighed Ru ( bpy ) 32+ pulverization ( 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 % ) , table 2.2 was added to acetic acid. Titanium ( IV ) isopropoxide ( 25 milliliter ) was added dropwise to the solution, a thick gel formed. A glass stirring rod was used to blend the gel until stirring saloon was free to travel once more. Distilled H2O ( 150 milliliter ) was added dropwise to the mixture and a reddish-orange syrupy solution formed. After stirring for one hr the solution was placed in an oven overnight at 100 A ; deg ; C. A pulverization formed changing in coloring material from light orange to deep ruddy depending on Ru ( bpy ) 32+ concentration. 2.2.3 Calcination of dried TiO2 samples The pulverizations were calcined in the Carbolite furnace leting temperatures of up to 1200 A ; deg ; C. Approximately 1 g of sample was ground down in a pester and howitzer and placed in a crucible. The melting pots were labelled saying the concentration and coveted calcination temperature of the pulverization and its location in the furnace was besides noted as labelling tended to be removed at these high temperatures. The P button on the furnace was pressed and 5.0 A ; deg ; C / min selected. The button was pressed once more and pl appeared on the screen leting a temperature alteration. The button was held in and palladium selected to put the tally continuance. Calcination of samples occurred by pressing run . Samples calcined at 400, 600, 700 and 800 A ; deg ; C each for 2 H periods. 2.3 Word picture 2.3.1 Differential scanning calorimeter The Rheometric scientific derived function scanning calorimeter must honk twice, bespeaking it is on and working decently. The RSI orchestrator icon on the desktop was clicked on. The icon upload was selected on the left of the screen. When it turned green the drama icon selected. The pressing edit trial the parametric quantities were set as follows, 25 500 A ; deg ; C, raging at 10 A ; deg ; C / min. When the system beeped four times it began coolingto 25 A ; deg ; C and so ramped from at that place. Excel data format was used by salvaging as export under file and salvaging as a txt . Then it could be imported into Excel. A clean mention sample and the land down analyte was placed in two separate DSC holders and inserted into the analysing chamber by raising off the palpebra and taking the two rings underneath. The mention was placed on the right and the analyte on the left. Ringss and palpebra replaced and analysis initiated. Run clip was approx. 42 min and so consequences were exported and imported into Excel plotting heat flow ( mW ) against temperature ( A ; deg ; C ) . 2.3.2 X-ray diffraction The pulverizations were characterised utilizing X-ray diffraction ( XRD ) , the Siemens D 500 X-ray diffractometer with the diffraction angles scanning from 2q = 20 80 A ; deg ; , utilizing a Cu Ka radiation beginning. There are two procedures available to XRD, double sided gluey tape or mix with propanone. For word picture of these samples double sided gluey tape was used. The tape was placed on a glass slide ( glass is formless therefore it will non interfere with the analysis ) . The calcined pulverization was ground down utilizing a pestler and howitzer. The sample was so spread out over the gluey tape. The slide was held up to the visible radiation to guarantee no light incursion was happening. Sample was placed in analysis chamber and set running. All information imported into Excel and plotted strength against 2? . The % anatase to rutile was calculated utilizing equation 2.2 below. Equation 2.2 To cipher % anatase to % rutile in a sample ( 8 ) Wr=11+ 0.8 ( 1A1R ) Wr = fraction rutile, 1A = contemplations of anatase, 1R = contemplations of rutile 2.3.3 IR spectrometry The Perkin-Elmer -spectrum 100 FTIR was used for infrared ( IR ) analysis. All samples were prepared as phonograph record in a 1:10 ratio, sample: KBr. These phonograph records were placed between labelled beds of tissue paper during analysis, cut downing wet consumption. Each phonograph record was placed in the IR holder and inserted into the analysis chamber of the instrument. Under the start icon, spectrum selected. The username and watchword were obtained and entered. A background spectrum obtained utilizing the prepared KBr phonograph record, mention. The scan scope was set, 450 4000 cm-1. The analyte was placed in the analysis chamber and the scan icon was selected. When finished the extremums were labelled utilizing the nomadic precursor on the screen. The consequences were originally saved into pigment by pressing print screen on the keyboard and choosing paste in the pigment plan. Subsequently they were saved as an ASCII file and imported into Excel, plotting % transmission against wavenumber ( cm-1 ) . 2.3.4 Raman spectrometry Raman spectroscopic analysis was carried out on two optical maser lines 514.5 and 785 nanometer because 514.5 nanometers merely detected TiO2 extremums. The S.A. ( Jobin Yvon ) LabRam 1B with an argon ion gave a optical maser wavelength of 514.5 nanometers at 50 mW, and the Horiba Jobin Yvon LabRAM HR 800, provided a optical maser line wavelength of 785 nanometers which aimed to enable Ru ( bpy ) 32+ sensing. The instruments were already calibrated during line alteration therefore analysis commenced instantly. Sample readying included puting a little sum of land pulverization onto a microscope slide while flattening it every bit much as possible with the dorsum of a spatula before puting it under the microscope. System set up by turning the key in the optical maser box at the rear of the instrument to on . A green or violet laser line was observed for 514.5 and 785 nanometer severally. The lab spec icon on the desktop was selected and the parametric quantities were set. The scope was set at 100 4000 cm-1 while temperature was varied. The camera and lamp were switched on and a level country was found and highlighted for optical maser irradiation seting concentrate wheel if necessary. Magnification was 10X. A smooth country highlighted for sample irradiation guaranting equal optical maser incursion. For analysis, both the camera and visible radiation were turned away and the optical maser was switched on. Analysis initiated by pressing the hog icon on the toolbar bill of fare. All informations saved in extra as labspec. [ tsf ] and txt so converted and imported into Excel for coverage, plotting strength against wavenumber ( cm-1 ) . The undermentioned parametric quantities were set, clip 5 s and the optical maser filter varied due to the grade of fluorescence and combustion of the Ru sample was unknown. A technique recommended to place the extent of combustion was enlightening the sample with the optical maser for approx 30 s and so analyzing the sample under the microscope placing burn forms and to what grade. 2.3.5 Diffuse optical density spectrometry The technique desired to find the set spread energy of each sample was diffuse coefficient of reflection spectrometry nevertheless, it was non working hence diffuse optical density substituted it. Analysis was carried out utilizing the Perkin Elmer Lambda 900 UV/VIS/NIR Spectrometer between 400 800 nanometer. None of the TiO2 modified samples gave reportable consequences utilizing this technique. Therefore, emanation spectrometry had to be used alternatively to find the set spread energies. Equation 2.3 below was used to find the set spreads of the pure TiO2 samples. Equation 2.3 Formula to cipher set spread energy ? E=1238.9? 2.3.6 Emission spectrometry The Perkin Elmer LS55B Luminescence Spectrometer was used to find the set spread energies utilizing equation 2.3. Approx 20 milligram of sample was placed in a 10 milliliter volumetric flask and made up to the grade with distilled H2O. All volumetrics were placed in a sonicator for 15 min to guarantee unvarying scattering. Dispersions were each placed in a 4 sided vitreous silica cuvette to undergo luminescence. On the desktop the icon Fn Winlab was selected. From the option list scan mth was clicked. The parametric quantities were set between 360 600 nanometer, ? ex = 330 nanometers analyzing for TiO2 and 480 800 nanometer, ? ex = 450 nanometer for Ru ( bpy ) 32+ analysis. The consequences were imported into Excel, plotting strength versus wavelength ( nm ) . The? soap was highlighted for TiO2 emanation consequences and was used to find the set spread energy of the stuff, equation 2.3. These consequences were besides used in puting the parametric quantities for TCSPC. 2.3.7 Time Correlated Single Photon Counting ( TCSPC ) These emanation values were besides used to help lifetime values of the samples utilizing the clip correlated individual photon numeration spectrometer ( TCSPC ) FL900. The spread samples in 2.3.6 above were re-used to obtain the life-times of the samples. The instruments parametric quantities were set based on the emanation spectrometry consequences, alone to each sample. The extremum count was set at 30,000 and the? ex was 333 nanometer. The ice chest was set at approx -28 A ; deg ; C for the sensing system. Both switches for the power supply were turned on. CD900 Test on the desktop was opened. Then right clicked on Initialise all devices to avoid mistake reports the flag must be to the full closed. The F900 package started. Choose position and nF lamp set-up . The force per unit area in the lamp chamber was checked to be about 0.35-0.50 saloon. Then the visible radiation was switched on. The lamp frequence was set to 40 kilohertz. The electromotive force was approx. 7 V and the lamp sensor had an strength of approx. 3. When ready, pressed use so near . A diffuse milklike solution was inserted as a standardization technique. The excitement and emanation wavelengths were set harmonizing to earlier consequences. Scan started and saved to a file. The life-times of the samples were calculated by opening the saved life clip spectra, pressing informations on the control panel and taking exponential tantrum . There are two alternate adjustment processs ( I ) reconvolution tantrum and ( two ) tail Fit. Tail tantrum was used because these samples were expected to hold longer life-times than the heavy hydrogen lamp ( approx. 1 N ) . The samples were placed in a chamber for analysis. 2.4 Photocatalysis 2.4.1 Photocatalysis of synthesised samples utilizing a 60 W visible radiation bulb The photocatalytic debasement of the organic pollutant impersonator, methylene blue was determined utilizing the Perkin Elmer Lambda 900 UV/VIS/NIR Spectrometer between 400 800 nanometer. Approx. 0.06 g of calcined pulverization was placed in a glass beaker with a stirring saloon where methylene blue ( 50 milliliter, ten 10-5 M ) was added. The sample was placed on a magnetic stirring home base and was covered with a bluish filter, guaranting that merely light above 420 nanometers would make the sample. Equilibration was reached between the sample and the organic pollutant by stirring the suspension in darkness for 30 min. After 30 min a 3 milliliter aliquot was taken and placed in a labelled extractor tubing and was stored off in a dark imperativeness. The bluish filter was replaced over the sample and the 60 W light bulb was switched on. After 30 min, a 3 milliliter aliquot was removed, this procedure was repeated for 2 H and 30 min taking a 3 milliliter aliquot every 30 min while guaranting the bluish filter was replaced each clip. The samples were non cloudy as the pulverization was denser than the methylene bluish solution ; therefore they were nt centrifuged for 8 min like Degussa P25. The debasement of methylene blue was measured utilizing the UV/vis spectrometer. On the desktop Lambda 900 selected. Methylene bluish absorbs at approx. 456 nm hence scan scope set between 500 800 nanometer. Baseline rectification and car nothing were both done. Ordinate manner was set to A ( optical density ) . Choosing the sample icon computing machine requests the figure of samples, ( 5 in this instance, over 2.5 hour ) . computing machine now prompts each sample in order. Consequences saved and imported into Excel plotting optical density against wavelength ( nm ) . A 1st order kinetic secret plan, plotting Ln ( Ao/A ) against clip ( s ) , where A is the optical density at times t and A0 is the optical density at times zero of the consequences, generated. The incline of this line was equal to the rate of debasement and was subbed into equation 2.3. Equation 2.3 To cipher the rate of debasement t=ln2k where K is the photocatalytic rate of debasement of methylene blue by the sample. Methylene blue was prepared from the stock solution ( 10-3M ) in the research lab and was prepared in a 1:100 ratio of methylene blue: deionised H2O giving methylene blue ( 10-5 M ) . Chapter 3: Consequences and Discussion 3. Consequences and Discussion 3.1 Synthesis TiO2 and TiO2 modified with Ru ( bpy ) 32+ at concentrations runing from 0.1 to 2.0 % was prepared via the sol gel procedure and so calcined at 400, 600 and 800 A ; deg ; C. An issue arose environing the readying of TiO2 colloidal suspension gels. The documented experimental stated that acetic acid had to be added to the TTIP which resulted in cloping issues. It was found that by adding TTIP to the acetic acid the synthesis worked better, from here the original experimental was followed. After drying at 100 A ; deg ; C a white and ruddy orange solids were collected, declarative of TiO2 and TiO2-Ru ( bpy ) 32+ . Approximately 3 g of stuff was obtained after drying expect at 2.0 % Ru ( bpy ) 32+ as 1/5 of the declared volume was used in the synthesis to cut down Ru ( bpy ) 32+ ingestion. When calcined the unmodified TiO2 samples remained white going shinier as the temperature increased. The modified TiO2 samples turned gray black with increased burden and temperature. 3.2.1 Differential Scanning Calorimeter DSC analysis was carried out on TiO2, TiO2 modified with Ru ( bpy ) 32+ and untreated Ru ( bpy ) 32+ pulverization. The consequences in figure 3.4 show that in both samples incorporating TiO2, a loss of H2O and acetic acid at 100 A ; deg ; C occurred. A larger H2O extremum was seen for the modified TiO2 sample as it was non to the full dried when analysed. The 330 A ; deg ; C is declarative of the formless to crystalline formation of TiO2. The presence of Ru ( bpy ) 32+ did non impact the crystal growing of TiO2 up to 500 A ; deg ; C as the formless to crystalline stage alteration remained the same in both modified and unmodified TiO2. 3.2.2 X-ray diffraction ( XRD ) XRD analysis was carried out on all samples prepared. This determined what signifier of TiO2 was present at each temperature. The consequences showed that anatase formed at 400 and 600 A ; deg ; C and pure rutile was present at 800 A ; deg ; C for the unmodified TiO2 samples. Figure 3.5 below high spots this. The burdens were presumed to moo to see ruthenium extremums under XRD, nevertheless at TiO2-2 % Ru ( bpy ) 32+ Ru extremums were detected. There was no literatre published on the effects of temperature on Ru ( bpy ) 32+ but on comparing of the extremums, the 2 % lading complement that of the criterion calcined to 600 A ; deg ; C. The signifier at these high temperatures is still unknown. A communications paper found that metallic ruthenium17 signifiers at 600 A ; deg ; C but no farther publication was made on it. Figure 3.5 XRD exemplifying anatase, rutile and Ru extremums found in TiO2 modified with 2 % Ru ( bpy ) 32+ at 600 A ; deg ; C. The significance of this consequence was that all other samples analysed at 600 A ; deg ; C calcination, modified and unmodified were strictly anatase but at this lading rutile extremums were beggining to organize. Baring in head that the anatase to rutile transmutation occurs at 700+ A ; deg ; C, analysis was initated on 0, 0.1 and 0.5 % burdens at 700 A ; deg ; C and 800 A ; deg ; C. As expected all 800 A ; deg ; C samples were 100 % rutile. The samples investigated at 700 A ; deg ; C resulted in an addition in the % rutile nowadays at increased burdens. A similar consequence was seen when TiO2 was doped with Ag and Fe. Ghosh et al highlighted a similar happening in Fe doped TiO2 sample.18 This discovery meant that the presence of Ru ( bpy ) 32+ was impacting crystal growing at 700 A ; deg ; C. A new revalation as the DSC consequences confirmed earlier that the dye was holding no consequence on the crystal growing up to 500 A ; deg ; C. Aceleration in the anatase to rutile transmutation is important as it means that TiO2 is being converted into its most stable signifier, rutile earlier. It is possible that the samples can be tuned to accomplish a peculiar concentration of each TiO2 signifier. Figure 3.6 Shows the important acceleration in crystal growing at 700 A ; deg ; C clearly. 3.2.3 Raman Spectroscopy Samples were analysed under Raman at 514.5 and 785 nanometer. Merely TiO2 extremums were obtained at 514.5 nanometers, most likely due to the low burden of Ru ( bpy ) 32+ in the stuff or that at higher temperatures the composite had decomposed. The Peaks observed at 400 and 600 A ; deg ; C were declarative of anatase, and rutile at 800 A ; deg ; C. These consequences correlated the XRD consequences for the same temperatures. After correspondence with research workers specialised in Ru composites it was agreed that the laser line of 514.5 nanometer was deficient for Ru sensing and that a laser line of 785 nanometers would be more suited. Burning of the sample was suspected which would suppress sensing. Experiment as to what % filter to utilize was carried out by traveling from 100 to 25 to 10 to 1 % . It was found that by cut downing the filter to 1 % the sample was less likely to fire. This determination was made based on exposing the sample to the optical maser at the assorted filters for several seconds, so exchanging back on the microscope to find if the sample had burned or non. The grade to which the dye was firing became cl Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-19730960043855607822019-11-22T12:09:00.001-08:002019-11-22T12:09:03.463-08:00The Pequot War - A HistoryThe Pequot War - A History The Pequot War - Background: The 1630s were a period of great unrest along the Connecticut River as various Native American groups battled for political power and control of trade with the English and Dutch. Central to this was an ongoing struggle between the Pequots and the Mohegans. While the former typically sided with the Dutch, who occupied the Hudson Valley, the latter tended to ally with the English in Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Connecticut. As the Pequots worked to expand their reach, they also came into conflict with the Wampanoag and Narragansetts. Tensions Escalate: As the Native American tribes fought internally, the English began to expand their reach in the area and founded settlements at Wethersfield (1634), Saybrook (1635), Windsor (1637), and Hartford (1637). In doing so, they came into conflict with the Pequots and their allies. These began in 1634 when a noted smuggler and slaver, John Stone, and seven of his crew were killed by the Western Niantic for attempting to kidnap several women and in retaliation for the Dutch killing of the Pequot chief Tatobem. Though Massachusetts Bay officials demanded those responsible be turned over, the Pequot chief Sassacus refused. Two years later, on July 20, 1836, trade John Oldham and his crew was attacked while visiting Block Island. In the skirmish, Oldham and several of his crew were killed and their ship looted by Narragansett-allied Native Americans. Though the Narragansetts typically sided with the English, the tribe on Block Island sought to discourage the English from trading with the Pequots. Oldhams death sparked outrage throughout the English colonies. Though Narragansett elders Canonchet and Miantonomo offered reparations for Oldhams death, Governor Henry Vane of Massachusetts Bay, ordered an expedition to Block Island. Fighting Begins: Assembling a force of around 90 men, Captain John Endecott sailed for Block Island. Landing on August 25, Endecott found that most of the islands population had fled or gone into hiding. Burning two villages, his troops carried off crops before re-embarking. Sailing west to Fort Saybrook, he next intended to capture the killers of John Stone. Picking up guides, he moved down the coast to a Pequot village. Meeting with its leaders, he soon concluded they were stalling and ordered his men to attack. Looting the village, they found that most of the inhabitants had departed. Sides Form: With the beginning of hostilities, Sassacus worked to mobilize the other tribes in the region. While the Western Niantic joined him, the Narragansett and Mohegan joined the English and the Eastern Niantic remained neutral. Moving to avenge Endecotts attack, the Pequot laid siege to Fort Saybrook through the fall and winter. In April 1637, a Pequot-allied force struck Wethersfield killing nine and kidnapping two girls. The following month, leaders of the Connecticut towns met in Hartford to begin planning a campaign against the Pequot. Fire at Mystic: At the meeting, a force of 90 militia under Captain John Mason assembled. This was soon augmented by 70 Mohegans led by Uncas. Moving down the river, Mason was reinforced by Captain John Underhill and 20 men at Saybrook. Clearing the Pequots from the area, the combined force sailed east and scouted Pequot Harbors fortified village (near present-day Groton) and Missituck (Mystic). Lacking sufficient forces to attack either, they continued east to Rhode Island and met with the Narragansett leadership. Actively joining the English cause, they provided reinforcements that enlarged the force to around 400 men. Having seen the English sail past, Sassacus wrongly concluded that they were retreating to Boston. As a result, he departed the area with the bulk of his forces to attack Hartford. Concluding the alliance with the Narragansetts, Masons combined force moved overland to strike from the rear. Not believing they could take Pequot Harbor, the army marched against Missituck. Arriving outside the village on May 26, Mason ordered it surrounded. Protected by a palisade, the village contained between 400 to 700 Pequots, many of them women and children. Believing his was conducting a holy war, Mason ordered the village set on fire and anyone trying to escape over the palisade shot. By the end of the fighting only seven Pequots remained to be taken prisoner. Though Sassacus retained the bulk of his warriors, the massive loss of life at Missituck crippled Pequot morale and demonstrated the vulnerability of his villages. Defeated, he sought sanctuary for his people on Long Island but was refused. As a result, Sassacus began leading his people west along the coast in the hope that they could settle near their Dutch allies. Final Actions: In June 1637, Captain Israel Stoughton landed at Pequot Harbor and found the village abandoned. Moving west in pursuit, he was joined by Mason at Fort Saybrook. Aided by Uncas Mohegans, the English force caught up to Sassacus near the Mattabesic village of Sasqua (near present-day Fairfield, CT). Negotiations ensued on July 13 and resulted in the peaceful capture of the Pequot women, children, and elderly. Having taken refuge in a swamp, Sassacus elected to fight with around 100 of his men. In the resulting Great Swamp Fight, the English and Mohegans killed around 20 though Sassacus escaped. Aftermath of the Pequot War: Seeking aid from the Mohawks, Sassacus and his remaining warriors were immediately killed upon arriving. Desiring to bolster goodwill with the English, the Mohawks sent Sassacus scalp to Hartford as an offering of peace and friendship. With the elimination of the Pequots, the English, Narragansetts, and Mohegans met at Hartford in September 1638 to distribute the captured lands and prisoners. The resulting Treaty of Hartford, signed on September 21, 1638, ended the conflict and resolved its issues. The English victory in the Pequot War effectively removed Native American opposition to the further settlement of Connecticut. Scared by the European total war approach to military conflicts, no Native American tribes sought to challenge English expansion until the outbreak of King Philips War in 1675. The conflict also laid the foundation for the perception of future conflicts with the Native Americans as battles between civilization/light and savagery/darkness. This historical myth, which persisted for centuries, first found its full expression in the years after the Pequot War. Selected Sources Society of Colonial Wars: The Pequot War Mystic Voices: The Story of the Pequot War Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-62813939358025107092019-11-20T23:21:00.001-08:002019-11-20T23:21:06.472-08:00Motivation theories for drug use and addiction Research PaperMotivation theories for drug use and addiction - Research Paper Example These early views on the reasons for continued drug use have been replaced by recent research which have contrasting perspectives that suggest that negative reinforcement is not a strong influence on drug motivation. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the motivation theories for drug/ alcohol use and addiction. Motivations for Drug Use Contemporary theory of the motivation for drug addiction makes paradoxical claims about the psychological basis for seeking drugs. Drug-seeking is considered to result from subjective craving for the positive effects of the drug, which suggests that this behavior is intentional. On the other hand, a key factor in the clinical diagnosis of drug dependence is that drug-seeking is resistant to the intention to quit, which means that drug-seeking is habitual or automatic. This is paradoxical, because drug seeking cannot be concurrently intentional and automatic (Hogarth & Chase, 2011). There are several reasons for people to take drugs. These include ââ¬Å"peer pressure, relief of stress, to have increased energy, to relax, to relieve pain, to escape reality, to feel more self-esteem, and for recreationâ⬠(Columbia Encyclopedia, 2009, p.14591). Individuals resort to taking stimulants to keep alert, or cocaine for the feeling of excitement it produces. Similarly, athletes and bodybuilders may take anabolic steroids to increase muscle mass. There are numerous stressors which increase the risk of alcohol use disorders in humans. In alcohol and other drug dependent (AOD) people, drug craving is increased by internal and external forms of stress, which can also trigger relapse (Wand, 2008). Stress is generally defined as ââ¬Å"any stimulus that challenges physiological homeostasis ââ¬â that is, which alters the balance or equilibrium of the normal physiological state of the organismâ⬠(Wand, 2008, p.119). However, various forms of stress have different physiological consequences, stimulating different combinations of signaling molecules. These molecules aid in cell-to-cell communication, such as neurohormones, and produce distinctive outcomes on physiological processes. Therefore, the type and duration of stress have to be specified, for planning the treatment. Further, individuals respond differently to a particular type of stress, ââ¬Å"and physiological and behavioral responses tend to be associated with dis tinct coping stylesâ⬠(Wand, 2008, p.120). An interaction of environmental and genetic factors play a part in both susceptibility to alcohol and other drugs (AOD) use disorders, and in peopleââ¬â¢s responses to stress. Prenatal and early life stress can have impacts on the body systems involved in the stress response, for the entire life span, thereby predisposing an individual to certain diseases. This early programming effect is partly affected by ââ¬Å"epigenetic mechanisms that alter heritable traits without manifesting as changes in the DNA sequence, and which also can aid in the development of AOD disordersâ⬠(Wand, 2008, p.120). Motivation Theories for the Use and Addiction to Drugs and Alcohol An Affective Processing Model of Negative Reinforcement Baker, Piper and McCarthy (2004) reformulate the negative reinforcement model of drug addiction. They propose that the escape and avoidance of negative affect is the prepotent motive for Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-70120260911689393902019-11-19T05:03:00.001-08:002019-11-19T05:03:04.669-08:00Paul is an Artist of International Fame Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7Paul is an Artist of International Fame - Essay Example He will be with us in Houston, for two days. The conference venue is at Richmond.â⬠On the conclusion of the first day of the seminar, at my insistence, Paul uncle gives a brief introduction about his art. ââ¬Å"The sponsoring UNO agency has made all the arrangements for my boarding and lodging. I dislike the ambiance of staying in a 5 Star hotel. I eat simple home food. I live with my three children and we have an ancestral house in a two-acre plot in the suburbs of Port-au-Prince.â⬠ââ¬Å"My children are married, and we live as a joint family. My two sons are not interested in this vocation and the eldest one takes a limited interest in this art which is full of intricacies.â⬠But in general, Paul gives lots of information on the copper-art and the present condition of art in Haiti. ââ¬Å"Many traditional art-forms of Haiti are dying a slow death with no appreciation of genuine art and lack-luster approach of the Government authorities. Materialistic civilization has impacted life in all the segments of life. People have lost love for art. By pursuing this as art as a vocation, it is difficult to eke out a livingâ⬠¦.my children are right perhaps to pursue alternative careers, where there is money. My second son has already migrated to Australia. â⬠I visit him after 5 years. His house is on a hillock in the distant suburbs of Haiti. He has problems in recognizing me but with the mention of ââ¬Å"Houston,â⬠he embraces me. We speak a lot about Haiti art and his copper plates and pitchers in particular. He shows some of his centuries-old family collections of pitchers. When I tell him that ââ¬Å"Traditional Art of Haitiâ⬠is one of the subjects that I teach at the college level, he is greatly fascinated. à Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-34786957761100158362019-11-16T17:35:00.001-08:002019-11-16T17:35:07.957-08:00Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Essay Example for Free Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Essay The difference between the patron-client and bureaucratic model is based on who is appointed the leader. The organization is based on trust and loyalty similar to the family. The main role as a patron-client is to show leadership by providing financial assistance and safety for the client. The client returns the favor by acting out different duties coming from the patron. The patron-client has the advantage because they are the sole providers for all communication for the client. Income is providing from executing from murders, thefts, frauds and drug trafficking. The patron client dominates a particular location for his organization. The group is also connected with police officers who are specialized in criminal operatives. The bureaucratic model is more focus on setting goals. Bureaucratic have a higher clientele but are selective with who is inducted into their group. All orders come from the boss in order to execute the next chain of events. The most important operation in the business is hierarchy. In order for the plan to be successful, all members must fully understand their role. This process is crucial for the structure to the organization and the members. The members must be able to carry out the task. If a step was missed by a member, they will eliminate from the project. The organization cannot afford for their hard work to be flush down the drain because an associate could not be trusted. Weberââ¬â¢s and Taylorââ¬â¢s models of the bureaucratic theory are most effective when used for larger events. Once a plan is started the bureaucratic should be introduced in order to control all lines of communication and any rules that were initially set. The patron-client is more decentralized and does not require control over unit members. Parton-clients are more favorable in social networks because there not fully involved with the plan. Bureaucratic model are vulnerable to copsà because upper management is stricter. The patron-client provides information for the job. For instance, the investigator will provide the client information so the whereabouts will not be an issue making the job easier to perform. In conclusion, each model has its expression of criminal cooperation with different socioeconomic conditions and law enforcement strategies to avoid media attention. Crime groups are broken down into different characteristics. Members of organized crime groups normally attack public officials and law enforcement agents. . Understanding organized crime is important because it gives the government the ability to know how they work so can be bought to a stop. References Connor, O. (2012). Organized Crime Investigation. Retrieved from http:// http://www.drtomoconnor.com/3220lect07a.htm/ Mallory, S. (2007). Understanding Organized Crime. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1750151144386601661.post-84559556868926891482019-11-14T06:07:00.001-08:002019-11-14T06:07:04.703-08:00death penalty :: essays research papers When turning on the television, radio, or simply opening the local newspaper, one is bombarded with news of arrests, murders, homicides, and other such tragedies. There are many things that I don't agree with in today's society but, out of all the wrongdoing that takes place, I believe murder including the death penalty is the worst of them. I am strongly against the death penalty because it violates God's rules, costs the tax payers too much money, the possible "wrongly accused," and it is cruel and unusual punishment. How often do these concepts creep into the public's mind when it hears of our `fair, trusty' government taking away someone's breathing rights? I do not support having the death penalty because it violates religious beliefs. Many religions, such as my own, Catholicism, follow the rules that God sent to use through the Ten Commandments. One of the most important of those ten states, "Thou shall not kill." If you are executing an individual, that clearly violates this commandment. Murdering any person, no matter what the individual has been convicted of, is a mortal sin. Therefore, God will punish anyone who aids in executing people. I believe that religious beliefs, such as the Ten Commandments, are the corner stone for our law system. Executing someone should not be made an exception to God's rule. My next reason against the death penalty is that taxpayers waste too much of their money with the death penalty. The average death penalty case is appealed three times. This means that the taxpayers must pay for the same trial to be heard three times. This is a very expensive practice. Also, the average convicted murder spends 12 years on death row. If supporters of the death penalty are positive enough to kill the person for committing the crime, shouldn't the supporters be confident enough to execute them in a timely manner? Why spend the taxpayer's money keeping these inmates in jail for so long? Taxpayer's money should go to better society, not to accommodate the prisoners that are going to end up dead. There's always the chance of the innocent being in the wrong place at the wrong time. Phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12957428722831206898noreply@blogger.com0